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Tacitus · Germania

Germania 46

Peucini, Venethi, Fenni and fables

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Germ. 46.1Hīc Suēbiae fīnis.Here is the end of Suebia. Germ. 46.1Peucīnōrum Venethōrumque et Fennōrum nātiōnēs Germānīs an Sarmatīs adscrībam dubitō.Whether I should assign the tribes of the Peucini, the Venethi and the Fenni to the Germans or the Sarmatians I am unsure. Germ. 46.1Quamquam Peucīnī, quōs quīdam Bastarnās vocant, sermōne cultū sēde ac domiciliīs ut Germānī agunt.Yet the Peucini, whom some call Bastarnae, in speech, way of life, settlement and dwellings live like Germans. Germ. 46.1Sordēs omnium ac torpor procerum: cōnūbiīs mīxtīs nōnnihil in Sarmatārum habitum foedantur.Squalor is common to all, and sluggishness to their nobles: through mixed marriages they are somewhat debased into the appearance of the Sarmatians. Germ. 46.2Venethī multum ex mōribus trāxērunt;The Venethi have taken on much of their customs; Germ. 46.2nam quidquid inter Peucīnōs Fennōsque silvārum ac montium ērigitur latrōciniīs pererrant.for whatever forests and mountains rise between the Peucini and the Fenni, they roam over on their raids. Germ. 46.2Hī tamen inter Germānōs potius referuntur, quia et domōs fīgunt et scūta gestant et pedum ūsū et pernīcitāte gaudent: quae omnia dīversa Sarmatīs sunt in plaustrō equōque vīventibus.These, however, are rather to be counted among the Germans, because they build fixed houses and carry shields and delight in the use and swiftness of their feet: all of which is the opposite of the Sarmatians, who live in wagons and on horseback.

Germ. 46.3Fennīs mīra feritās, foeda paupertās: nōn arma, nōn equī, nōn penātēs;The Fenni have an astonishing savagery and a squalid poverty: no arms, no horses, no homes; Germ. 46.3vīctuī herba, vestītuī pellēs, cubīle humus: sōlae in sagittīs spēs, quās inopiā ferrī ossibus asperant.for food they have grass, for clothing skins, for a bed the ground: their only hope lies in their arrows, which, for lack of iron, they tip with bone. Germ. 46.3Īdemque vēnātus virōs pariter ac fēminās alit;The same hunting feeds the men and the women alike; Germ. 46.3passim enim comitantur partemque praedae petunt.for the women go with them everywhere and claim a share of the prey. Germ. 46.4Nec aliud īnfantibus ferārum imbriumque suffugium quam ut in aliquō rāmōrum nexū contegantur;Nor have the infants any other refuge from wild beasts and rains than to be covered in some interlacing of branches; Germ. 46.4hūc redeunt iuvenēs, hoc senum receptāculum.to this the young men return, this is the shelter of the old. Germ. 46.5Sed beātius arbitrantur quam ingemere agrīs, inlabōrāre domibus, suās aliēnāsque fortūnās spē metūque versāre: sēcūrī adversus hominēs, sēcūrī adversus deōs rem difficillimam adsecūtī sunt, ut illīs nē vōtō quidem opus esset.But they think this happier than to groan over the fields, to toil at building houses, and to turn over their own and others' fortunes with hope and fear: careless of men, careless of gods, they have attained the most difficult of things, that they should have no need even of prayer.

Germ. 46.6Cētera iam fābulōsa: Hellusiōs et Oxiōnas ōra hominum vultūsque, corpora atque artus ferārum gerere: quod ego ut incompertum in mediō relinquam.The rest is now the stuff of fable: that the Hellusii and Oxiones have the faces and features of men, the bodies and limbs of beasts: this, as unverified, I shall leave undecided.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (141 words)
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
que, enclitic conj.and
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
nātiō, -ōnis f.people, nation; birth
an, conj.or (in questions)
ascrībō (adscrībō), -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptusadd in writing; enrol, assign, reckon among; ascribe
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
quamquam, conj.however much, although
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
domicilium, -ī n.home, dwelling place
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
sordēs, -is f. (usu. pl.)dirt, squalor, shabbiness
omnis, -eall, every
torpor, -ōris m.numbness, stiffness
procerēs, -um m. pl.chiefs, leading men
cōnūbium, -ī n.marriage; the right of intermarriage
misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtusmix, mingle
nōnnihilsomething, not a little
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
foedō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake foul, disfigure; desecrate
multum, -ī, n.much
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
nam, conj.for
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
mōns, montis, m.mountain
ērigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusraise or set up, raise, lift; cheer, encourage
latrōcinium, -ī n.robbery, raiding
pererrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander through, roam over
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
potius (adv.)rather
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
quia (conj.)because
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
fīgō, fīgere, fīxī, fīxusfix, fasten, plant firmly
scūtum, -ī, n.shield
gestō, -ārecarry, wear
pēs, pedis, m.foot
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
pernīcitās, -ātis f.swiftness, speed
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
plaustrum (plōstrum), -ī n.wagon, cart
equus, -ī, m.horse
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
feritās, -ātis f.wildness, savagery
foedus, -a, -umfoul, loathsome, hideous
paupertās, -ātis f.poverty, small means
nōn, adv.not
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
vīctus, -ūs, m.sustenance, food
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
vestītus, -ūs, m.clothing
pellis, -is, f.hide, skin, pelt
cubīle, -is n.bed, resting place
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
sōlus, -a, -umalone
sagitta, -ae, f.arrow
spēs, speī, f.hope
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
os, ossis n.bone
asperō, -āremake rough; sharpen; make savage
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
vēnātus, -ūs m.hunting, the chase; game
vir, virī, m.man
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
fēmina, -ae, f.woman
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
enim, conj.for
comitor, -ārī, -ātus sumaccompany, follow
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
īnfāns, -fantis, m. and f.infant, babe
fera, -ae, f.wild animal, beast
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
suffugium, -ī n.shelter, refuge
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
rāmus, -ī, m.branch, bough
nexus, -ūs m.tie, bond; interlacing, tangle
contegō, -tegere, -tēxī, -tēctuscover
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
senex, senis, m.old man
receptāculum, -ī n.place of refuge, shelter
sed, conj.but
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
ingemō, -ere, -gemuīgroan, sigh
ager, agri, m.field, land
illabōrō (inlabōrō), -āretoil at, labour over
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusturn about; (pass. or reflexive) move about, be engaged
sēcūrus, -a, -umfree from care, untroubled; careless (of: gen.)
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
homō, hominis, m.man
deus, -ī, m.god
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
adsequor, -sequī, -secūtus sumovertake; gain, achieve
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
opus, operis, n.work, task
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
iam, adv.now, already
fābulōsus, -a, -umfamous in story, legendary
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
corpus, corporis, n.body
artus, -a, -umclose, tight; dense, thick
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
incompertus, -a, -umunknown, unverified
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
Tacitus, Germania. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.