| licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers. | is lawful or permitted |
| apud, prep, with acc. | among, with |
| concilium, -ī n. | meeting, council |
| accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | blame, accuse |
| quoque, adv. | also |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| discrīmen, -crīminis, n. | crisis, peril, danger |
| caput, capitis, n. | head |
| intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out; stretch, draw, aim |
| distīnctiō, -ōnis f. | distinction, difference; discrimination, telling apart |
| poena, -ae, f. | penalty, punishment |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| dēlictum, -ī n. | offence, crime |
| prōditor, -ōris m. | traitor |
| trānsfuga, -ae m. | deserter |
| arbor, -oris, f. | tree |
| suspendō, -pendere, -pendī, -pēnsus | hang up, hang |
| ignāvus, -a, -um | lazy, cowardly |
| imbellis, -e | unwarlike, cowardly |
| corpus, corporis, n. | body |
| īnfāmis, -e | of ill repute, notorious |
| caenum, -ī n. | mud, filth |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| pālus, -ī, m. | stake |
| iniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw in or upon; cause, inspire |
| īnsuper (adv.) | above, on top; besides |
| crātis, -is f. | wickerwork, hurdle |
| mergō, mergere, mersī, mersus | dip, plunge, sink |
| dīversitās, -ātis f. | difference, variety; contrast, contradiction |
| supplicium, -ī, n. | punishment, torture |
| illūc (adv.) | to that place, there |
| respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectum | look back |
| tamquam (adv., conj.) | as, just as; as if |
| scelus, sceleris, n. | wickedness, crime |
| ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out before, show, explain |
| oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal) | it is right, it is necessary |
| dum, conj. | while, as; as long as; until |
| pūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | punish |
| flāgitium, -ī n. | shameful act, disgrace, outrage |
| abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditus | hide, conceal |
| sed, conj. | but |
| levis, -e | light, slight |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| modus, -ī, m. | way, manner |
| equus, -ī, m. | horse |
| pecus, pecoris, n. | herd, flock, cattle |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| convincō, -ere, -vīcī, -victum | prove guilty, expose |
| multō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | punish, fine; deprive (of: abl.) |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| multa, -ae f. | fine, penalty |
| rēx, rēgis, m. | king |
| vel | or; vel … vel: either … or |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | punish; claim |
| propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f. | near; (noun) relative |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| exsolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtus | set free, release |
| ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctum | pick out, choose |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| iūs, iūris, n. | right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| pāgus, -ī m. | district, canton |
| vīcus, -ī, m. | village |
| reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give back, return, restore; render |
| centēnī, -ae, -a | a hundred each, in hundreds |
| singulī, -ae, -a | one at a time, single |
| plēbs, plēbis f. | the common people |
| comes, -itis, m. and f. | companion |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| auctōritās, -tātis f. | influence, authority, prestige |
| adsum, adesse, adfuī | be present, be at hand |