| tertius, -a, -um | third |
| expedītiō, -ōnis f. | expedition, raid |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| novus, -a, -um | new; novissimus, last |
| gēns, gentis, f. | race, nation |
| aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tus | open |
| vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | lay waste |
| ūsque, adv. | all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| aestuārium, -ī n. | marsh, tidal inlet |
| nōmen, -minis, n. | name (that by which one is known) |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| nātiō, -ōnis f. | people, nation; birth |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| formīdō, -inis f. | fear, dread; something to be dreaded |
| terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | frighten, terrify |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| quamquam, conj. | however much, although |
| cōnflīctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | strike together; passive: be hard pressed, struggle |
| saevus, -a, -um | fierce, savage |
| tempestās, -tātis, f. | weather; storm, tempest |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītum | provoke, harass |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| audeō, audēre, ausus sum | dare |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| īnsuper (adv.) | above, on top; besides |
| castellum, -ī n. | fort, redoubt |
| spatium, -ī, n. | space, interval; space of time, time |
| adnotō (annotō), -āre, -āvī, -ātus | note down, take note of, observe |
| perītus, -a, -um (+ gen.) | skilled, experienced (in) |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| opportūnitās, -ātis f. | advantage, favourable feature |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| sapienter (adv.) | wisely |
| legō, legere, lēgī, lēctus | choose, pick out; read |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | take by storm, capture |
| pactiō, -ōnis f. | agreement, bargain |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertus | desert |
| nam, conj. | for |
| adversus, -a, -um | facing; unfavourable, unsuccessful |
| mora, -ae, f. | delay |
| obsidiō, -ōnis f. | siege, blockade; oppression |
| annuus, -a, -um | for a year, yearly |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| firmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | strengthen, secure |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| intrepidus, -a, -um | fearless, undaunted; untroubled |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| hiems, hiemis f. | winter |
| crēber, -bra, -brum | frequent, numerous; close together |
| ēruptiō, -ōnis f. | sally, sortie |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron. | each |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| irritus, -a, -um | invalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātus | despair |
| quia (conj.) | because |
| soleō, -ēre, solitus sum | be accustomed, usually do |
| plērumque (adv.) | generally, mostly |
| damnum, -ī, n. | harm, injury |
| aestās, -tātis, f. | summer |
| hībernus, -a, -um | wintry, of winter |
| ēventus, -ūs m. | outcome, result |
| pēnsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | weigh, ponder; make up for, compensate, offset |
| tum, adv. | then, at that time |
| iūxtā (adv. and prep. + acc.) | nearby; next to |
| pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus | drive, drive away, beat, rout |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| umquam, adv. | ever |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| avidus, -a, -um | eager, greedy (for: gen.) |
| intercipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum | intercept, catch |
| sīve or seu, conj. | or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or |
| centuriō, -ōnis m. | centurion (officer commanding about 80 men) |
| praefectus, -ī m. | commander, officer |
| incorruptus, -a, -um | uncorrupted, genuine, reliable |
| factum, -ī n. | deed, act |
| testis, -is m./f. | witness |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| apud, prep, with acc. | among, with |
| quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron. | a certain, certain |
| acerbus, -a, -um | bitter, harsh, painful |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| convīcium, -ī n. | loud noise, wrangling; abuse |
| narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | tell, relate, narrate |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| cōmis, -e | courteous, affable, kind, friendly |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| malus, -a, -um | bad |
| iniūcundus, -a, -um | unpleasant, disagreeable; harsh |
| cēterum (adv.) | but, however; for the rest |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| īrācundia, -ae f. | anger, hot temper |
| nihil, n., indecl. | nothing |
| supersum, -esse, -fuī | be over or left, remain |
| sēcrētus, -a, -um | separate; secret, private |
| silentium, -ī n. | silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| timeō, -ēre, -uī | fear |
| honestē, adv. | honorably, decently |
| putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | think |
| offendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsus | offend |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete action | hate |