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Tacitus · Agricola

Agricola 20

The second summer's campaign

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Agr. 20.1Haec prīmō statim annō comprimendō ēgregiam fāmam pācī circumdedit, quae vel incūriā vel intolerantiā priōrum haud minus quam bellum timēbātur.By suppressing these abuses at once in his first year, he surrounded peace with a fine reputation, peace which through the negligence or harshness of his predecessors had been feared no less than war. Agr. 20.2Sed ubi aestās advēnit, contrāctō exercitū multus in agmine, laudāre modestiam, disiectōs coërcēre;But when summer came, he gathered his army and was everywhere on the march, praising good discipline and keeping stragglers in check; Agr. 20.2loca castrīs ipse capere, aestuāria ac silvās ipse praetemptāre;he himself chose places for camps, he himself first explored estuaries and forests; Agr. 20.2et nihil interim apud hostīs quiētum patī, quō minus subitīs excursibus populārētur;and meanwhile he allowed the enemy no rest, but ravaged them with sudden raids; Agr. 20.2atque ubi satis terruerat, parcendō rūrsus invītāmenta pācis ostentāre.and when he had terrified them enough, by sparing them he displayed in turn the attractions of peace. Agr. 20.3Quibus rēbus multae cīvitātēs, quae in illum diem ex aequō ēgerant, datīs obsidibus īram posuēre et praesidiīs castellīsque circumdatae, sunt tantā ratiōne cūrāque, ut nūlla ante Britanniae nova pars pariter inlacessīta trānsierit.By these means many states which until that day had dealt with us as equals gave hostages and laid aside their anger, and were surrounded with garrisons and forts with such skill and care that no newly acquired part of Britain had ever before passed over so unscathed.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (83 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
annus, -ī, m.year
comprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress together, squeeze, compress
ēgregius, -a, -umoutstanding, excellent
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
pāx, pācis f.peace
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
velor; vel … vel: either … or
incūria, -ae f.carelessness, neglect
intolerantia, -ae f.arrogance, insolence, overbearing behaviour
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
minus, comp. adv.less
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
bellum, -ī, n.war
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
sed, conj.but
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
aestās, -tātis, f.summer
adveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome to or toward, approach, arrive
contrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctumdraw together, collect
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
modestia, -ae f.moderation, discipline, restraint
disiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow apart, scatter
coerceō, -ēre, coercuī, coercitumrestrain, keep in check
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
aestuārium, -ī n.marsh, tidal inlet
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
praetemptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfeel out beforehand, test, reconnoitre
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
interim (adv.)meanwhile
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
subitus, -a, -umsudden
excursus, -ūs m.a running out, charge, sally
populor, -ārī, -ātus sumlay waste, plunder
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
rūrsus, adv.again
invītāmentum, -ī n.inducement, attraction, enticement
ostentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshow, display; show off
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
que, enclitic conj.and
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
illacessītus (inlacessītus), -a, -umunprovoked, unattacked
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
Tacitus, Agricola. Latin text: H. Furneaux, Cornelii Taciti Opera Minora (Oxford, 1900), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.