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Seneca · Epistulae Morales 2–52

Seneca, Letter 6

Sharing one's progress with a friend

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Ep. 6.1Intellegō, Lūcīlī, nōn ēmendārī mē tantum sed trānsfigūrārī.I understand, Lucilius, that I am not only being corrected but transformed. Ep. 6.1Nec hoc prōmittō iam aut spērō, nihil in mē superesse, quod mūtandum sit.Nor do I yet promise or hope that nothing remains in me which needs to be changed. Ep. 6.1Quidnī multa habeam, quae dēbeant colligī, quae extenuārī, quae attollī?Why should I not have many things that ought to be brought together, others thinned out, others raised up? Ep. 6.1Et hoc ipsum argūmentum est in melius trānslātī animī, quod vitia sua, quae adhūc ignōrābat, videt.And this very thing is proof of a mind changed for the better, that it sees its own faults, of which it was hitherto unaware. Ep. 6.1Quibusdam aegrīs grātulātiō fit, cum ipsī aegrōs sē esse sēnsērunt.Some sick people are congratulated when they themselves have perceived that they are sick. Ep. 6.2Cuperem itaque tēcum commūnicāre tam subitam mūtātiōnem meī;I should like, therefore, to share with you so sudden a change in myself; Ep. 6.2tunc amīcitiae nostrae certiōrem fīdūciam habēre coepissem, illīus vērae, quam nōn spēs, nōn timor, nōn ūtilitātis suae cūra dīvellit, illīus, cum quā hominēs moriuntur, prō quā moriuntur.then I should have begun to have a surer confidence in our friendship, that true friendship which neither hope nor fear nor concern for one's own advantage tears apart, that friendship with which men die, and for which they die.

Ep. 6.3Multōs tibi dabō, quī nōn amīcō, sed amīcitiā caruērunt.I will give you many who have lacked not a friend, but friendship. Ep. 6.3Hoc nōn potest accidere, cum animōs in societātem honesta cupiendī pār voluntās trahit.This cannot happen when an equal will to desire what is honourable draws minds into fellowship. Ep. 6.3Quidnī nōn possit?Why can it not? Ep. 6.3Sciunt enim ipsōs omnia habēre commūnia, et quidem magis adversa.Because they know that they have all things in common, and adversity above all. Ep. 6.3Concipere animō nōn potes, quantum mōmentī adferre mihi singulōs diēs videam.You cannot conceive in your mind how much progress I see each single day bring me. Ep. 6.4"Mitte," inquis, "et nōbīs ista, quae tam efficācia expertus es."'Send to me too,' you say, 'those things which you have found so effective.' Ep. 6.4Ego vērō omnia in tē cupiō trānsfundere, et in hoc aliquid gaudeō discere, ut doceam.I do indeed long to pour everything into you, and I rejoice to learn something precisely so that I may teach it. Ep. 6.4Nec mē ūlla rēs dēlectābit, licet sit eximia et salūtāris, quam mihi ūnī scītūrus sum.Nor will anything delight me, however excellent and beneficial it may be, which I am to know only for myself.

Ep. 6.4Sī cum hāc exceptiōne dētur sapientia, ut illam inclūsam teneam nec ēnūntiem, rēiciam.If wisdom were given me with this condition, that I should keep it shut up and not speak it out, I would refuse it. Ep. 6.4Nūllīus bonī sine sociō iūcunda possessiō est.The possession of no good thing is pleasant without a companion. Ep. 6.5Mittam itaque ipsōs tibi librōs et nē multum operae inpendās, dum passim prōfutūra sectāris, inpōnam notās, ut ad ipsa prōtinus, quae probō et mīror, accēdās.I will send you, then, the books themselves, and so that you do not spend much effort hunting here and there for what will be useful, I will add marks, so that you may come straight to the very passages I approve and admire. Ep. 6.5Plūs tamen tibi et vīva vōx et convīctus quam ōrātiō prōderit.Yet the living voice and shared life will profit you more than a written discourse. Ep. 6.5In rem praesentem veniās oportet, prīmum, quia hominēs amplius oculīs quam auribus crēdunt;You must come to the scene itself, first, because men trust their eyes more than their ears; Ep. 6.5deinde, quia longum iter est per praecepta, breve et efficāx per exempla.second, because the road through precepts is long, through examples short and effective.

Ep. 6.6Zēnōnem Cleanthēs nōn expressisset, sī tantummodo audīsset;Cleanthes would not have reproduced Zeno if he had only heard him; Ep. 6.6vītae eius interfuit, sēcrēta perspexit, observāvit illum, an ex fōrmulā suā vīveret.he shared his life, saw into his secrets, watched him to see whether he lived by his own rule. Ep. 6.6Platōn et Aristotelēs et omnis in dīversum itūra sapientium turba plūs ex mōribus quam ex verbīs Sōcratis trāxit;Plato and Aristotle and the whole crowd of wise men who were to go their different ways drew more from the character than from the words of Socrates; Ep. 6.6Mētrodōrum et Hermarchum et Polyaenum magnōs virōs nōn schola Epicūrī sed contubernium fēcit.it was not the school of Epicurus but living under the same roof with him that made Metrodorus, Hermarchus and Polyaenus great men. Ep. 6.6Nec in hoc tē accersō tantum, ut prōficiās, sed ut prōsīs;And I do not summon you only that you may make progress, but that you may do good; Ep. 6.6plūrimum enim alter alterī cōnferēmus.for we shall contribute a very great deal to each other.

Ep. 6.7Interim quoniam diurnam tibi mercēdulam dēbeō, quid mē hodiē apud Hecatōnem dēlectāverit dīcam.Meanwhile, since I owe you your little daily wage, I will tell you what delighted me today in Hecato. Ep. 6.7"Quaeris," inquit, "quid prōfēcerim?'Do you ask,' he says, 'what progress I have made? Ep. 6.7Amīcus esse mihi coepī."I have begun to be a friend to myself.' Ep. 6.7Multum prōfēcit;He has made great progress; Ep. 6.7numquam erit sōlus.he will never be alone. Ep. 6.7Scītō hunc amīcum omnibus esse.Know that such a man is a friend to all. Ep. 6.7Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (205 words)
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
nōn, adv.not
ēmendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscorrect, make good, remove faults
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
sed, conj.but
trānsfigūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange the form of, transfigure
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
prōmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend or put forth, promise
iam, adv.now, already
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quidnī, adv.why not? of course
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
extenuō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake thin, waste away; lessen
attollō, -erelift up, raise
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
argūmentum, -ī n.proof, evidence
bonus, -a, -umgood
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
quod, conj.that, in that, because
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
aeger, -gra, -grumsick, ill; as noun, a sick man
grātulātiō, -ōnis f.rejoicing, congratulation
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
commūnicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare; in the Gospels also: make common, make (ritually) unclean
tam, adv.so
subitus, -a, -umsudden
mūtātiō, -ōnis f.change, alteration
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
noster, -tra, -trumour
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
spēs, speī, f.hope
timor, -ōris, m.fear
ūtilitās, -ātis f.usefulness, advantage
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
dīvellō, -vellere, -vellī, -vulsustear apart, rend asunder, tear in pieces
cum, prep, with abl.with
homō, hominis, m.man
morior, morī, mortuusdie
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
pār, parisequal
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
enim, conj.for
omnis, -eall, every
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
concipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake in, conceive; plan, imagine
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
mōmentum, -ī n.weight, importance; levī mōmentō: as a slight matter
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
nōsplur. of ego
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
efficāx, -āciseffective, powerful
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
trānsfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour across, transfer
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
discō, discere, didicīlearn
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
ūllus, -a, -umany
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
eximius, -a, -umoutstanding, exceptional
salūtāris, -ehealthful, beneficial, bringing safety
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
sī, conj.if
exceptiō, -ōnis f.exception, reservation, restriction
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
inclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut up in, inclose, imprison
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
ēnūntiō, -nūntiāre, -nūntiāvī, -nūntiātusspeak out, announce, make known
rēiciō, -ere, rēiēcī, rēiectumthrow back, drive back
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
sine, prep. with abl.without
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
possessiō, -ōnis f.property, possession
liber, librī m.book; record
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
impendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusspend, devote (time, money, effort)
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
sector, -ārī, -ātus sumkeep following, chase after
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
nota, -ae f.mark, sign; brand, stigma
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
prōtinus (adv.)straight on; at once
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
plūs (adv.)more
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
convīctus, -ūs m.living together, companionship; society at table
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
quia (conj.)because
amplius (adv.)more, further
oculus, -ī, m.eye
auris, -is, f.ear
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
deinde, adv.then, next
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
praeceptum, -ī n.instruction, order
brevis, -eshort
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
tantummodo (adv.)only, just
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
vīta, -ae, f.life
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
sēcrētum, -ī n.a private place; secret
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumsee clearly, observe
observō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwatch; keep, respect
an, conj.or (in questions)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
fōrmula, -ae f.fixed form of words, formula
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
turba, -ae f.crowd
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
verbum, -ī, n.word
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vir, virī, m.man
schola, -ae f.lecture hall, school; lecture
contubernium, -ī n.a company sharing a tent or table; in Mark 6.39 a group, a party (of diners)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
prōficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectumaccomplish, make progress
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
interim (adv.)meanwhile
quoniam, conj.since now, since
diurnus, -a, -umby day, daily
mercēdula, -ae f.small fee, little payment
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
hodiē (adv.)today
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
multum, -ī, n.much
numquam, adv.never
sōlus, -a, -umalone
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Seneca, Epistulae Morales 2–52. Latin text: R. M. Gummere, Seneca: Ad Lucilium Epistulae Morales (Loeb, 1917–25), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.