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Seneca · Epistulae Morales 2–52

Seneca, Letter 43

Living as though in public

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Ep. 43.1Quōmodo hoc ad mē pervēnerit quaeris, quis mihi id tē cōgitāre narrāverit, quod tū nūllī narrāverās?Do you ask how this reached me, who told me that you were thinking of what you had told no one? Ep. 43.1Is quī scit plūrumum, rūmor.The one who knows the most: rumour. Ep. 43.1"Quid ergō?"'What then?' Ep. 43.1inquis, "Tantus sum, ut possim excitāre rūmōrem?"you say. 'Am I so important that I can stir up rumour?' Ep. 43.1Nōn est quod tē ad hunc locum respiciēns mētiāris;There is no reason why you should measure yourself by looking back to this place; Ep. 43.1ad istum respice, in quō morāris.look to the place where you are staying. Ep. 43.2Quicquid inter vīcīna ēminet, magnum est illīc, ubi ēminet.Whatever stands out among its neighbours is great there, where it stands out. Ep. 43.2Nam magnitūdō nōn habet modum certum;For greatness has no fixed measure; Ep. 43.2comparātiō illam aut tollit aut dēprimit.comparison either raises it or lowers it. Ep. 43.2Nāvis, quae in flūmine magna est, in marī parvula est.A ship which is large on a river is very small on the sea. Ep. 43.2Gubernāculum, quod alterī nāvī magnum, alterī exiguum est.A rudder which is large for one ship is tiny for another.

Ep. 43.3Tū nunc in prōvinciā, licet contemnās ipse tē, magnus es.You are now, in your province, a great man, though you may despise yourself. Ep. 43.3Quid agās, quemadmodum cēnēs, quemadmodum dormiās, quaeritur, scītur;What you do, how you dine, how you sleep, is asked about and known; Ep. 43.3eō tibi dīligentius vīvendum est.all the more carefully, then, must you live. Ep. 43.3Tunc autem fēlīcem esse tē iūdicā, cum poteris in pūblicō vīvere, cum tē parietēs tuī tegent, nōn abscondent, quōs plērumque circumdatōs nōbīs iūdicāmus nōn ut tūtius vīvāmus, sed ut peccēmus occultius.But only judge yourself happy when you can live in public, when your walls will cover you, not conceal you, walls which we generally believe are built around us not so that we may live more safely but so that we may sin more secretly. Ep. 43.4Rem dīcam, ex quā mōrēs aestimēs nostrōs: vix quemquam inveniēs, quī possit apertō ōstiō vīvere.I shall tell you something from which you may judge our morals: you will scarcely find anyone who can live with his door open. Ep. 43.4Iānitōrēs cōnscientia nostra, nōn superbia opposuit;It is our conscience, not our pride, that has set doorkeepers in the way; Ep. 43.4sīc vīvimus, ut dēprendī sit subitō adspicī.we live in such a way that to be suddenly seen is to be caught.

Ep. 43.4Quid autem prōdest recondere sē et oculōs hominum aurēsque vītāre?But what use is it to hide oneself and shun the eyes and ears of men? Ep. 43.5Bona cōnscientia turbam advocat, mala etiam in sōlitūdine ānxia atque sollicita est.A good conscience calls in the crowd; a bad one is anxious and troubled even in solitude. Ep. 43.5Sī honesta sunt quae facis, omnēs sciant, sī turpia, quid rēfert nēminem scīre, cum tū sciās?If what you do is honourable, let everyone know it; if it is shameful, what does it matter that no one knows, when you know? Ep. 43.5Ō tē miserum, sī contemnis hunc testem!How wretched you are if you despise this witness! Ep. 43.5Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (132 words)
quōmodo (adv.)how; in what way
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
rūmor, -ōris m.rumour, report
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
excitō, -citāre, -citāvī, -citātuscall out, arouse
nōn, adv.not
quod, conj.that, in that, because
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
respiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook back
mētior, -īrī, mēnsus summeasure out, distribute
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
vīcīnus, -ī m.neighbor
ēmineō, -ēre, -uīstand out, project
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
illīc (adv.)there
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
nam, conj.for
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
comparātiō, -ōnis f.preparation, arrangement; comparison
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
dēprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressumpress down, sink; depressus: sunk below ground
nāvis, -is, f.ship
flūmen, -minis, n.river
mare, maris, n.sea
parvulus, -a, -umvery small, petty
gubernāculum (gubernāclum), -ī n.rudder, helm
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
exiguus, -a, -umsmall, scanty, short
nunc, adv.now
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
quemadmodum (adv.)how, in what way; just as
cēnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdine
dormiō, -īre, -īvīsleep
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
pūblicum, -ī n.open street, public place
pariēs, -etis m.wall (of a house)
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
abscondō, -ere, -condī, -conditushide, conceal
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
nōsplur. of ego
tūtō (adv.; comp. tūtius)safely
sed, conj.but
peccō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdo wrong
occultē (adv.)secretly
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
aestimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumvalue, reckon
noster, -tra, -trumour
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
apertus, -a, -umopen
ōstium, -ī, n.mouth, doorway, door
iānitor, -ōris m.doorkeeper
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
superbia, -ae f.pride, arrogance
oppōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusset against, place opposite
sīc, adv.so, thus
dēprendō, -prendere, -prendī, -prēnsusseize, catch; take by surprise
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
recondō, -ere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide, store
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
oculus, -ī, m.eye
homō, hominis, m.man
auris, -is, f.ear
que, enclitic conj.and
vītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusavoid, escape
bonus, -a, -umgood
turba, -ae f.crowd
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
malus, -a, -umbad
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
ānxius, -a, -umanxious
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
sī, conj.if
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
omnis, -eall, every
turpis, -edisgraceful
rēfert, rēferre, rētulit (impers.)it matters, it is of importance
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
ō (interj.)O! oh!
miser, misera, miserumwretched, unhappy
testis, -is m./f.witness
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Seneca, Epistulae Morales 2–52. Latin text: R. M. Gummere, Seneca: Ad Lucilium Epistulae Morales (Loeb, 1917–25), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.