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Seneca · Epistulae Morales 2–52

Seneca, Letter 10

Solitude and honest prayer

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Ep. 10.1Sīc est, nōn mūtō sententiam: fuge multitūdinem, fuge paucitātem, fuge etiam ūnum.That is how it is; I do not change my opinion: flee the crowd, flee the few, flee even the one. Ep. 10.1Nōn habeō, cum quō tē commūnicātum velim.I have no one with whom I would wish you to share yourself. Ep. 10.1Et vidē, quod iūdicium meum habeās: audeō tē tibi crēdere.And see what judgement of mine you hold: I dare to entrust you to yourself. Ep. 10.1Cratēs, ut aiunt, huius ipsīus Stilbōnis audītor, cuius mentiōnem priōre epistulā fēcī, cum vīdisset adulēscentulum sēcrētō ambulantem, interrogāvit, quid illīc sōlus faceret?Crates, as they say, a pupil of this very Stilpo whom I mentioned in my previous letter, on seeing a young man walking apart by himself, asked what he was doing there alone. Ep. 10.1"Mēcum," inquit, "loquor."'I am talking with myself,' he said. Ep. 10.1Cui Cratēs "Cavē," inquit, "rogō, et dīligenter adtende;To which Crates said, 'Take care, I beg you, and pay careful attention; Ep. 10.1cum homine malō loqueris."you are talking with a bad man.' Ep. 10.2Lūgentem timentemque custōdīre solēmus, nē sōlitūdine male ūtātur.We are accustomed to keep watch over someone who is grieving or afraid, so that he does not make bad use of solitude.

Ep. 10.2Nēmō est ex inprūdentibus, quī relinquī sibi dēbeat;There is no one among the unwise who ought to be left to himself; Ep. 10.2tunc mala cōnsilia agitant, tunc aut aliīs aut ipsīs futūra perīcula struunt;it is then that they turn over bad plans, then that they contrive dangers to come either for others or for themselves; Ep. 10.2tunc cupiditātēs improbās ōrdinant;then they set their wicked desires in order; Ep. 10.2tunc quicquid aut metū aut pudōre cēlābat, animus expōnit, tunc audāciam acuit, libīdinem inrītat, īrācundiam īnstīgat.then the mind lays bare whatever it used to hide through fear or shame; then it sharpens boldness, provokes lust, goads anger. Ep. 10.2Dēnique quod ūnum sōlitūdō habet commodum, nihil ūllī committere, nōn timēre indicem, perit stultō;Finally, the one advantage that solitude has, to entrust nothing to anyone and not to fear an informer, is lost to the fool; Ep. 10.2ipse sē prōdit.he betrays himself. Ep. 10.2Vidē itaque, quid dē tē spērem, immō quid spondeam mihi, spēs enim incertī bonī nōmen est: nōn inveniō, cum quō tē mālim esse quam tēcum.See, then, what I hope for you, or rather what I promise myself, for hope is the name of an uncertain good: I find no one with whom I would rather you were than with yourself.

Ep. 10.3Repetō memoriā, quam magnō animō quaedam verba prōiēcerīs, quantī rōboris plēna.I recall in memory with what great spirit you flung out certain words, how full of strength they were. Ep. 10.3Grātulātus sum prōtinus mihi et dīxī: "Nōn ā summīs labrīs ista vēnērunt, habent hae vōcēs fundāmentum.At once I congratulated myself and said: 'Those words did not come from the tips of the lips; these utterances have a foundation. Ep. 10.3Iste homō nōn est ūnus ē populō, ad salūtem spectat."That man is not one of the crowd; he has his eye on salvation.' Ep. 10.4Sīc loquere, sīc vīve;Speak so, live so; Ep. 10.4vidē nē tē ūlla rēs dēprimat.see that nothing beats you down. Ep. 10.4Vōtōrum tuōrum veterum licet dīs grātiam faciās, alia dē integrō suscipe;As for your old prayers, you may let the gods off them; take up others afresh; Ep. 10.4rogā bonam mentem, bonam valitūdinem animī, deinde tunc corporis.pray for a sound mind, for good health of the soul, and only then of the body. Ep. 10.4Quidnī tū ista vōta saepe faciās?Why should you not make these prayers often? Ep. 10.4Audācter deum rogā;Boldly ask God; Ep. 10.4nihil illum dē aliēnō rogātūrus es.you will be asking him for nothing that belongs to another.

Ep. 10.5Sed ut mōre meō cum aliquō mūnusculō epistulam mittam, vērum est, quod apud Athēnodōrum invēnī: "Tunc scītō esse tē omnibus cupiditātibus solūtum, cum eō pervēneris, ut nihil deum rogēs, nisi quod rogāre possīs palam."But to send off my letter, as is my custom, with some little gift, what I found in Athenodorus is true: 'Know that you are freed from all desires when you have reached the point of asking God for nothing except what you could ask openly.' Ep. 10.5Nunc enim quanta dēmentia est hominum!For as things are, how great is the madness of men! Ep. 10.5Turpissima vōta dīs īnsusurrant;They whisper the most shameful prayers to the gods; Ep. 10.5sī quis admōverit aurem, conticēscent.if anyone puts his ear close, they will fall silent. Ep. 10.5Et quod scīre hominem nōlunt, deō narrant.And what they do not want a man to know, they tell to God. Ep. 10.5Vidē ergō, nē hoc praecipī salūbriter possit: sīc vīve cum hominibus, tamquam deus videat;See, then, whether this precept could not wholesomely be given: live with men as if God were watching; Ep. 10.5sīc loquere cum deō, tamquam hominēs audiant.speak with God as if men were listening.

Ep. 10.5Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (184 words)
sīc, adv.so, thus
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
nōn, adv.not
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
paucitās, -ātis f.small number, scarcity
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
cum, prep, with abl.with
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
commūnicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshare; in the Gospels also: make common, make (ritually) unclean
volō, velle, voluīwish
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
audītor, -ōris m.listener, hearer; pupil; reader
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
epistula, -ae f.letter
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
adulēscentulus, -ī m.a very young man
sēcrētō (adv.)privately, in secret
ambulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwalk
interrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, question
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
illīc (adv.)there
sōlus, -a, -umalone
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
attendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusturn one's mind to, pay attention, notice
homō, hominis, m.man
malus, -a, -umbad
lūgeō, -ēre, lūxī, lūctusmourn, grieve for
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
que, enclitic conj.and
custōdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusguard
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
male, adv.badly, ill
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
imprūdēns, -entisoff guard, unaware
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
struō, -ere, strūxī, strūctusbuild, construct; arrange
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
improbus, -a, -umwicked, shameless; persistent, relentless; as noun: rogue
ōrdinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusset in order, arrange in rows
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
pudor, -ōris m.shame, sense of honour
cēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushide, conceal
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
expōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusput out, set forth; put on shore, land; explain
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
acuō, -ere, acuī, acūtussharpen; stimulate
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
irrītō (inrītō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusprovoke, stir up
īrācundia, -ae f.anger, hot temper
īnstīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusurge on, rouse, incite
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
commodum, -ī n.advantage, interest
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
ūllus, -a, -umany
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
index, -icis m. and f.informer; sign, indication
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
stultus, -a, -umfoolish, stupid
prōdeō, -īre, prōdiī, prōditumgo forward, come out
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
spondeō, -ēre, spopondī, spōnsuspromise solemnly; stand surety, guarantee (a debt)
spēs, speī, f.hope
enim, conj.for
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
memoria, -ae, f.memory
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
verbum, -ī, n.word
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow forth or down, cast away, throw
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
rōbur, rōboris, n.oak
plēnus, -a, -umfull
grātulor, -ārī, -ātus sumcongratulate
prōtinus (adv.)straight on; at once
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
labrum, -ī n.lip
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
fundāmentum, -ī n.foundation
populus, -ī m.people, nation
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
dēprimō, -ere, -pressī, -pressumpress down, sink; depressus: sunk below ground
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
vetus, veterisold, former
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
deus, -ī, m.god
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
bonus, -a, -umgood
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
deinde, adv.then, next
corpus, corporis, n.body
quidnī, adv.why not? of course
saepe, adv.often, frequently
audācter (adv.; comp. audācius)boldly
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
sed, conj.but
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
mūnusculum, -ī n.small gift, little present
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
omnis, -eall, every
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
nisi, conj.if not, unless
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
palam (adv.)openly, publicly
nunc, adv.now
dēmentia, -ae f.madness, folly
turpis, -edisgraceful
īnsusurrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswhisper (into the ear)
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
admoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove up, bring near
auris, -is, f.ear
conticēscō, -ere, -ticuīfall silent
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
narrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustell, relate, narrate
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
salūbriter (adv.)healthily; beneficially, usefully
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Seneca, Epistulae Morales 2–52. Latin text: R. M. Gummere, Seneca: Ad Lucilium Epistulae Morales (Loeb, 1917–25), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.