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Seneca · De Clementia

De Clementia 15

Augustus at Tarius' family trial

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Clem. 1.15.1Trichōnem equitem Rōmānum memoriā nostrā, quia fīlium suum flagellīs occīderat, populus graphiīs in forō cōnfōdit ;Within our memory, the people stabbed Tricho, a Roman knight, with writing-styluses in the forum, because he had flogged his son to death; Clem. 1.15.1vix illum Augustī Caesaris auctōritās īnfestīs tam patrum quam fīliōrum manibus ēripuit.the authority of Augustus Caesar barely rescued him from the hostile hands of fathers and sons alike. Clem. 1.15.2Tarium, quī fīlium dēprēnsum in parricīdiī cōnsiliō damnāvit causā cognitā, nēmō nōn suspexit, quod contentus exiliō et exiliō dēlicātō Massiliae parricīdam continuit et annua illī praestitit, quanta praestāre integrō solēbat ;Tarius, who after hearing the case condemned his son, caught in a plot against his father's life, was admired by everyone, because, content with exile, and a comfortable exile at Marseilles, he kept the parricide there and provided him with as large a yearly allowance as he used to give him while he was innocent; Clem. 1.15.2haec līberālitās effēcit, ut, in quā cīvitāte numquam dēest patrōnus peiōribus, nēmō dubitāret, quīn reus meritō damnātus esset, quem is pater damnāre potuisset, quī ōdisse nōn poterat.this generosity brought it about that, in a city where the worse side never lacks an advocate, no one doubted that the accused had been justly condemned, since he had been condemned by a father who could not hate him.

Clem. 1.15.3Hōc ipsō exemplō dabō, quem comparēs bonō patrī, bonum prīncipem.From this very example I shall give you a good prince to compare with a good father. Clem. 1.15.3Cognitūrus dē fīliō Tarius advocāvit in cōnsilium Caesarem Augustum ;When about to try his son, Tarius invited Caesar Augustus to his council; Clem. 1.15.3vēnit in prīvātōs penātēs, adsēdit, pars aliēnī cōnsiliī fuit, nōn dīxit : " Immō in meam domum veniat " ;he came to a private home, took his seat, was part of another man's council, and did not say: 'No, let him come to my house'; Clem. 1.15.3quod sī factum esset, Caesaris futūra erat cognitiō, nōn patris.for had that happened, the trial would have been Caesar's, not the father's. Clem. 1.15.4Audītā causā excussīsque omnibus, et hīs, quae adulēscēns prō sē dīxerat, et hīs, quibus arguēbātur- petit, ut, sententiam suam quisque scrīberet nē, ea omnium fieret quae, Caesaris fuisset fuisset ;When the case had been heard and everything examined, both what the young man had said in his defence and the charges against him, he asked that each should write down his verdict, lest it become everyone's because it had been Caesar's; Clem. 1.15.4deinde, priusquam aperīrentur cōdicillī, iūrāvit sē Tariī, hominis locuplētis, hērēditātem nōn aditūrum.then, before the tablets were opened, he swore that he would not accept the inheritance of Tarius, a wealthy man.

Clem. 1.15.5Dīcet aliquis : " Pusillō animō timuit, nē vidērētur locum speī suae aperīre velle fīliī damnātiōne."Someone will say: 'He was faint-hearted to fear that he might seem to want to open a way for his own hopes by the son's condemnation.' Clem. 1.15.5Ego contrā sentiō ;I think the opposite; Clem. 1.15.5quīlibet nostrum dēbuisset adversus opīniōnēs malignās satis fīdūciae habēre in bonā cōnscientiā, prīncipēs multa dēbent etiam fāmae dare.any of us ought to have had enough confidence in a good conscience against malicious opinions, but princes must give much weight to reputation as well. Clem. 1.15.5Iūrāvit sē nōn aditūrum hērēditātem.He swore that he would not accept the inheritance. Clem. 1.15.6Tarius quidem eōdem diē et alterum hērēdem perdidit, sed Caesar lībertātem sententiae suae redēmit ;Tarius did indeed lose a second heir on the same day, but Caesar bought the freedom of his verdict; Clem. 1.15.6et postquam approbāvit grātuītam esse sevēritātem suam, quod prīncipī semper cūrandum est, dīxit relēgandum, quō patrī vidērētur.and after he had shown that his severity was disinterested, something a prince must always take care of, he said the son should be banished to wherever the father thought fit.

Clem. 1.15.7Nōn culleum, nōn serpentēs, nōn carcerem dēcrēvit memor, nōn dē quō cēnsēret, sed cui in cōnsiliō esset;He did not decree the sack, nor the serpents, nor prison, mindful not of whom he was judging but of whose council he was part; Clem. 1.15.7mollissimō genere poenae contentum esse dēbēre patrem dīxit in fīliō adulēscentulō impulsō in id scelus, in quō sē, quod proximum erat ab innocentiā, timidē gessisset ;he said that a father ought to be content with the mildest form of punishment in the case of a very young son, driven into this crime, in which he had behaved timidly, which was the next thing to innocence; Clem. 1.15.7dēbēre illum ab urbe et ā parentis oculīs submovērī.he ought to be removed from the city and from his parent's sight.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×5, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (168 words)
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
memoria, -ae, f.memory
noster, -tra, -trumour
quia (conj.)because
fīlius, -ī, m.son
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
flagellum, -ī n.whip, scourge
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
populus, -ī m.people, nation
graphium, -ī n.stylus for writing on wax tablets
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
cōnfodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossusstab, run through
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
īnfestus, -a, -umunsafe, dangerous
tam, adv.so
pater, patris, m.father
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
manus, -ūs, f.hand
ēripiō, -ripere, -ripuī, -reptussnatch out or away, rescue
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dēprendō, -prendere, -prendī, -prēnsusseize, catch; take by surprise
parricīdium, -ī n.murder of a parent; treason, murderous attack on one's country
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
nōn, adv.not
suspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectuslook up (at); admire
quod, conj.that, in that, because
contentus, -a, -umcontent, satisfied (+ abl.)
exsilium, -ī, n.exile
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dēlicātus, -a, -umdainty, pampered, effeminate
parricīda, -ae m.murderer of a parent; traitor, assassin
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
annuus, -a, -umfor a year, yearly
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
līberālitās, -ātis f.generosity
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
numquam, adv.never
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
patrōnus, -ī m.patron, protector
malus, -a, -umbad
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
meritō (adv.)deservedly, rightly
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
bonus, -a, -umgood
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
adsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdīsit down, take one's seat
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
sī, conj.if
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cognitiō, -ōnis f.learning, knowledge, study
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, shake out
que, enclitic conj.and
omnis, -eall, every
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
arguō, -ere, -uī, -ūtusshow up, expose; accuse, convict
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
deinde, adv.then, next
priusquam, conj.before than, sooner than, before
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tusopen
cōdicillī, -ōrum m. pl.writing tablets; a note, short letter
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
homō, hominis, m.man
locuplēs, -ētisrich, wealthy
hērēditās, -ātis f.inheritance
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
pusillus, -a, -umvery small, little; pusilli: little ones
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
spēs, speī, f.hope
volō, velle, voluīwish
damnātiō, -ōnis f.condemnation
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibetany you please, any at all
nōsplur. of ego
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
malignus, -a, -umspiteful; (of light) scanty
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
cōnscientia, -ae f.awareness; consciousness of guilt, guilty conscience
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
hērēs (haerēs), -ēdis m.heir
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
sed, conj.but
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
redimō, -ere, -ēmī, -ēmptumbuy up; buy back
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
approbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusapprove, agree with
grātuītus, -a, -umfree, without reward, for nothing
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
semper, adv.always
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
relēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, remove; banish
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
culleus (cūleus), -ī m.leather sack, in which parricides were sewn and drowned
serpēns, -entis, f.serpent
carcer, -eris, m.prison
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
mollis, -esoft, weak
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
adulēscentulus, -ī m.a very young man
impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive or urge on, incite, urge
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
innocentia, -ae f.blamelessness, integrity
timidē (adv.)timidly
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
urbs, urbis, f.city
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
oculus, -ī, m.eye
submoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtumdrive back
Seneca, De Clementia. Latin text: J. W. Basore, Seneca: Moral Essays I (Loeb, 1928), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.