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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 98

Marius holds the hills overnight

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Iug. 98.1Neque in eō tam asperō negōtiō Marius territus aut magis quam anteā dēmissō animō fuit, sed cum turmā suā, quam ex fortissumīs magis quam familiārissumīs parāverat, vagārī passim ac modo labōrantibus suīs succurrere, modo hostīs, ubi cōnfertissumī obstiterant, invādere;Nor in so grave a situation was Marius frightened or more downcast than before, but with his own squadron, which he had formed of the bravest rather than of his closest friends, he ranged everywhere, now going to the help of his men in difficulty, now charging the enemy where they had made their thickest stand; Iug. 98.1manū cōnsulere mīlitibus, quoniam imperāre conturbātīs omnibus nōn poterat.he looked after his soldiers with his own hand, since he could not command them when all was in confusion. Iug. 98.2Iamque diēs cōnsūmptus erat, quom tamen barbarī nihil remittere atque, utī rēgēs praecēperant, noctem prō sē ratī ācrius īnstāre.And now the day was spent, when still the barbarians did not slacken at all and, thinking the night was on their side, as the kings had instructed them, pressed on more fiercely. Iug. 98.3Tum Marius ex cōpiā rērum cōnsilium trahit atque, utī suīs receptuī locus esset, collīs duōs propinquōs inter sē occupat, quōrum in ūnō castrīs parum amplō fōns aquae magnus erat, alter ūsuī opportūnus, quia magnā parte ēditus et praeceps pauca mūnīmenta quaerēbat.Then Marius takes counsel from the circumstances and, so that his men might have a place of retreat, seizes two hills near each other, on one of which, too small for a camp, there was a large spring of water, while the other was convenient for use, because, being for the most part high and steep, it needed few fortifications.

Iug. 98.4Cēterum apud aquam Sullam cum equitibus noctem agitāre iubet, ipse paulātim dispersōs mīlitēs neque minus hostibus conturbātīs in ūnum contrahit, Dein cūnctōs plēnō gradū in collem subdūcit.He orders Sulla to spend the night with the cavalry by the water, while he himself gradually gathers together the scattered soldiers, the enemy being no less disordered, and then leads them all at full pace up on to the hill. Iug. 98.5Ita rēgēs locī difficultāte coāctī proeliō dēterrentur, neque tamen suōs longius abīre sinunt, sed utrōque colle multitūdine circumdatō effūsī cōnsēdēre.So the kings, compelled by the difficulty of the position, are deterred from battle, but they do not let their men go farther away; instead, surrounding both hills with their host, they encamped in loose order. Iug. 98.6Dein crēbrīs ignibus factīs plērumque noctis barbarī mōre suō laetārī, exultāre, strepere vōcibus;Then, having lit many fires, for most of the night the barbarians, after their custom, rejoiced, leapt about and made a din with their shouting; Iug. 98.6et ipsī ducēs ferōcēs, quia nōn fūgerant, prō victōribus agere.and the leaders themselves, emboldened because they had not fled, behaved like victors.

Iug. 98.7Sed ea cūncta Rōmānīs ex tenebrīs et ēditiōribus locīs facilia vīsū magnōque hortāmentō erant.But all this was easily seen by the Romans from the darkness and from higher ground, and was a great encouragement to them.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×2, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (138 words)
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
tam, adv.so
asper, -era, -erumrough, harsh; difficult
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
anteā, adv.before
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sed, conj.but
cum, prep, with abl.with
turma, -ae f.troop, squadron of cavalry
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
fortis, -ebrave
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
vagor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, roam
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
modo, adv.only
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
succurrō, -ere, -currī, -cursumrun to help, aid
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
cōnfertus, -a, -umcrowded, close-packed
obstō, -stāre, -stitīstand in the way, block, oppose (+ dat.)
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
manus, -ūs, f.hand
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
quoniam, conj.since now, since
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
conturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthrow into confusion, alarm, upset
omnis, -eall, every
nōn, adv.not
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
iam, adv.now, already
que, enclitic conj.and
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
rēx, rēgis, m.king
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
nox, noctis, f.night
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
reor, rērī, ratus sumthink, suppose, reckon
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
tum, adv.then, at that time
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
receptus, -ūs m.retreat; place of retreat
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
collis, -is m.hill
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātusseize; fill
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
aqua, -ae, f.water
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
quia (conj.)because
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
ēditus, -a, -umraised, high
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
praeceps, -cipitisheadlong
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
mūnīmentum, -ī n.defence, barrier
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
paulātim (adv.)little by little, gradually
dispergō, -ere, -spersī, -spersumscatter
minus, comp. adv.less
contrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -trāctumdraw together, collect
deinde, adv.then, next
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
plēnus, -a, -umfull
gradus, -ūs m.step, stage; rank
subdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductusdraw up, beach
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
difficultas, -tātis, f.difficulty
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
dēterreō, -terrēre, -terruī, -territusfrighten off, deter
longē, adv.far
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
ignis, -is, m.fire
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
plērumque (adv.)generally, mostly
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
laetor, -ārī, -ātus sumrejoice, be glad
exsultō, -āre, -āvīleap up; exult, revel, run riot
strepō, -ere, -uīmake a noise, roar, hum
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
hortāmentum, -ī n.encouragement, incentive
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.