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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 55

Rejoicing at Rome; cautious campaigning

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Iug. 55.1Interim Rōmae gaudium ingēns ortum cognitīs Metellī rēbus, ut sēque et exercitum mōre maiōrum gereret, in advorsō locō victor tamen virtūte fuisset, hostium agrō potīrētur, Iugurtham magnificum ex Albīnī sōcordiā spem salūtis in sōlitūdine aut fugā coēgisset habēre.Meanwhile at Rome there was great rejoicing when Metellus' achievements became known: how he was conducting himself and his army in the manner of their ancestors, how on unfavourable ground he had nevertheless been victorious by valour, was master of the enemy's territory, and had compelled Jugurtha, made arrogant by the slackness of Albinus, to place his hope of safety in the wilderness or in flight. Iug. 55.2Itaque senātus ob ea fēlīciter ācta dīs inmortālibus supplicia dēcernere;So the senate decreed thanksgivings to the immortal gods for these successes; Iug. 55.2cīvitās, trepida anteā et sollicita dē bellī ēventū, laeta agere;the citizens, anxious before and troubled about the outcome of the war, were joyful; Iug. 55.2dē Metellō fāma praeclāra esse.the reputation of Metellus was splendid. Iug. 55.3Igitur eō intentior ad victōriam nītī, omnibus modīs festīnāre, cavēre tamen, nēcubi hostī opportūnus fieret, meminisse post glōriam invidiam sequī.Accordingly he strove for victory all the more intently, hastened in every way, but took care nevertheless not to give the enemy an opening anywhere, remembering that envy follows glory.

Iug. 55.4Ita, quō clārior erat, eō magis ānxius erat, neque post īnsidiās Iugurthae effūsō exercitū praedārī;So the more famous he was, the more anxious he was, and after Jugurtha's ambush he did not plunder with his army scattered; Iug. 55.4ubi frūmentō aut pābulō opus erat, cohortēs cum omnī equitātū praesidium agitābant;when grain or fodder was needed, cohorts with all the cavalry stood guard; Iug. 55.4exercitūs partem ipse, reliquōs Marius dūcēbat.part of the army he led himself, the rest Marius led. Iug. 55.5Sed ignī magis quam praedā ager vāstābātur.But the countryside was laid waste by fire more than by plundering. Iug. 55.6Duōbus locīs haud longē inter sē castra faciēbant;They made their camps in two places not far from each other; Iug. 55.6ubi vī opus erat, cūnctī aderant;when force was needed, all were at hand; Iug. 55.7cēterum, quō fuga atque formīdō lātius crēsceret, dīvorsī agēbant.otherwise, so that flight and terror might spread more widely, they operated apart. Iug. 55.8Eō tempore Iugurtha per collīs sequī, tempus aut locum pugnae quaerere, quā ventūrum hostem audierat, pābulum et aquārum fontīs, quōrum pēnūria erat, corrumpere, modo sē Metellō interdum Mariō ostendere, postrēmōs in agmine temptāre ac statim in collīs regredī, rūrsus aliīs, post aliīs minitārī, neque proelium facere neque ōtium patī, tantummodo hostem ab inceptō retinēre.At that time Jugurtha followed along the hills, looked for a time or place for battle where he had heard the enemy would come, spoiled the fodder and the springs of water, of which there was a shortage, showed himself now to Metellus, sometimes to Marius, attacked the rear of the column and at once went back into the hills, threatened now some, afterwards others, neither offering battle nor allowing rest, but only keeping the enemy from his purpose.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (145 words)
interim (adv.)meanwhile
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
orior, -īrī, -tusarise, come forth, spring up; ortā lūce, at dawn
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
que, enclitic conj.and
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
ager, agri, m.field, land
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
magnificus, -a, -umsplendid, magnificent
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
sōcordia, -ae f.sluggishness, negligence
spēs, speī, f.hope
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
sōlitūdō, -inis f.loneliness; a wilderness, desert
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
fuga, -ae, f.flight
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
senātus, -ūs m.senate
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
fēlīciter, adv.happily, fortunately, successfully
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
deus, -ī, m.god
immortālis, -eimmortal
supplicium, -ī, n.punishment, torture
dēcernō, -ere, dēcrēvī, dēcrētumdecide, decree
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
trepidus, -a, -umanxious, alarmed; critical, dangerous
anteā, adv.before
sollicitus, -a, -umtroubled, anxious
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
bellum, -ī, n.war
ēventus, -ūs m.outcome, result
laetus, -a, -umglad, joyful
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
igitur, conj.therefore
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
intentus, -a, -umattentive, alert, watchful
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
victōria, -ae, f.victory
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
omnis, -eall, every
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
festīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhurry, make haste
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
nēcubi (conj.)so that nowhere, lest anywhere
opportūnus, -a, -umsuitable, seasonable, convenient, opportune
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
meminī, meminisseremember
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
glōria, -ae, f.glory
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
ānxius, -a, -umanxious
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
īnsidiae, -ārum, f. plur.ambush; plot, stratagem
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
praedor, -ārī, -ātusplunder
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
frūmentum, -ī, n.grain
pābulum, -ī, n.food, fodder
opus, operis, n.work, task
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
cum, prep, with abl.with
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
sed, conj.but
ignis, -is, m.fire
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
praeda, -ae, f.booty, spoil, plunder
vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslay waste
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
longē, adv.far
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
cūnctus, -a, -umall, the whole
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
formīdō, -inis f.fear, dread; something to be dreaded
lātēwidely
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
collis, -is m.hill
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
quā, adv.in which place, where
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
aqua, -ae, f.water
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
pēnūria, -ae f.want, need, poverty
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
modo, adv.only
interdum (adv.)sometimes
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
postrēmus, -a, -umlast
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
regredior, -gredī, -gressusgo back, return
rūrsus, adv.again
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
minitor, -ārī, -ātusthreaten
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
tantummodo (adv.)only, just
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
inceptum, -ī n.beginning, attempt, undertaking
retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.