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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 25

Scaurus' embassy fails

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Iug. 25.1Hīs litterīs recitātīs fuēre quī exercitum in Āfricam mittundum cēnsērent et quam prīmum Adherbalī subveniundum;When this letter had been read out, there were some who proposed that an army should be sent to Africa and help brought to Adherbal as soon as possible; Iug. 25.1dē Iugurthā interim utī cōnsulerētur, quoniam lēgātīs nōn pāruisset.and that meanwhile the case of Jugurtha should be considered, since he had not obeyed the envoys. Iug. 25.2Sed ab īsdem illīs rēgis fautōribus summā ope ēnīsum, nē tāle dēcrētum fieret.But those same supporters of the king strove with all their might to prevent such a decree being made. Iug. 25.3Ita bonum pūblicum, utī in plērīsque negōtiīs solet, prīvātā grātiā dēvictum.So the public good, as usually happens in most affairs, was overcome by private influence. Iug. 25.4Lēgantur tamen in Āfricam maiōrēs nātū nōbilēs, amplīs honōribus ūsī.Nevertheless there were sent to Africa older men of noble birth who had held high offices. Iug. 25.4In quīs fuit M. Scaurus, dē quō suprā memorāvimus, cōnsulāris et tum senātūs prīnceps.Among them was Marcus Scaurus, whom we mentioned above, a former consul and at that time leader of the senate.

Iug. 25.5Iī, quod rēs in invidiā erat, simul et ab Numidīs obsecrātī, trīduō nāvem ascendere.Because the affair was causing indignation, and because they were also entreated by the Numidians, they went on board ship within three days. Iug. 25.5Dein brevī Uticam adpulsī litterās ad Iugurtham mittunt: quam ōcissumē ad prōvinciam adcēdat, sēque ad eum ab senātū missōs.Then, having soon put in at Utica, they sent a letter to Jugurtha: he was to come to the province as quickly as possible, and they had been sent to him by the senate. Iug. 25.6Ille ubi accēpit hominēs clārōs, quōrum auctōritātem Rōmae pollēre audīverat, contrā inceptum suom vēnisse, prīmō conmōtus metū atque lubīdine dīvorsus agitābātur: timēbat īram senātūs, nī pāruisset lēgātīs;When he heard that distinguished men, whose authority he had heard was powerful at Rome, had come to oppose his undertaking, at first he was shaken and torn between fear and desire: he feared the anger of the senate if he did not obey the envoys; Iug. 25.7porrō animus cupīdine caecus ad inceptum scelus rapiēbat.on the other hand, his mind, blinded by greed, swept him on towards the crime he had begun.

Iug. 25.8Vīcit tamen in avidō ingeniō prāvom cōnsilium.Yet in his greedy nature the wicked plan prevailed. Iug. 25.9Igitur exercitū circumdatō summā vī Cirtam inrumpere nītitur, māxumē spērāns dīductā manū hostium aut vī aut dolīs sēsē cāsum victōriae inventūrum.So, surrounding Cirta with his army, he tried with all his might to break into it, hoping above all that by dividing the enemy's force he would find a chance of victory either by force or by trickery. Iug. 25.10Quod ubi secus prōcēdit neque quod intenderat efficere potest, ut, prius quam lēgātōs convenīret, Adherbalis potīrētur, nē amplius morandō Scaurum, quem plūrumum metuēbat, incenderet, cum paucīs equitibus in prōvinciam vēnit.When this turned out otherwise and he could not achieve what he had intended, to get possession of Adherbal before he met the envoys, then, so as not to inflame Scaurus, whom he feared most of all, by delaying any longer, he came into the province with a few horsemen. Iug. 25.11Ac tametsī senātī verbīs gravēs minae nūntiābantur, quod ab oppugnātiōne nōn dēsisteret, multā tamen ōrātiōne cōnsūmptā lēgātī frūstrā discessēre.And although grave threats were delivered to him in the name of the senate because he would not desist from the siege, still, after much talk had been spent, the envoys departed without result.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, ablative absolute ×4, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (152 words)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread aloud
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
subveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventuscome to help, rescue (+ dat.)
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
interim (adv.)meanwhile
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
quoniam, conj.since now, since
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
nōn, adv.not
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
sed, conj.but
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
rēx, rēgis, m.king
fautor, -ōris m.supporter, patron
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
ēnītor, -ī, -nīsus (-nīxus) sumstruggle upward; strive, exert oneself
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
tālis, -esuch
dēcrētum, -ī n.decision, decree
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
dēvincō, -ere, -vīcī, -victusconquer completely, subdue
lēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbequeath, leave by will; send as an envoy
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
nātū (abl. only)by birth (maiōrēs nātū: the elders)
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
honor, -ōris, m.honor
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
cōnsulāris, -eof a consul, consular; as noun: ex-consul; comitia cōnsulāria: the consular elections
tum, adv.then, at that time
senātus, -ūs m.senate
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quod, conj.that, in that, because
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
obsecrō, -secrāre, -secrāvī, -secrātusbeseech, entreat
trīduum, -ī n.three days
nāvis, -is, f.ship
ascendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb to, ascend, mount
deinde, adv.then, next
brevis, -eshort
appellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive to, bring to; with or without nāvem, put in
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ōcius, comp. adv.more quickly, swiftly, at once
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
que, enclitic conj.and
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
homō, hominis, m.man
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
polleō, -ērebe strong, be powerful
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
inceptum, -ī n.beginning, attempt, undertaking
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
prīmō, adv.at first
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
agitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdrive about; discuss, debate
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
nī (conj.)if not, unless (= nisi)
porrō (adv.)further on; moreover
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
cupīdō, -inis f. (in Sallust also m.)desire, longing, greed
caecus, -a, -umblind
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
avidus, -a, -umeager, greedy (for: gen.)
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
prāvus, -a, -umcrooked; bad, wrong
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
igitur, conj.therefore
circumdō, -dare, -dedī, -datusput around, surround
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
inrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusburst into or in
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
dīdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumspread out, divide
manus, -ūs, f.hand
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
dolus, -ī, m.trick, craft
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
victōria, -ae, f.victory
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
secus (prep. + acc.)beside, along
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
prius, adv.before, first
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
amplius (adv.)more, further
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
plūrimum (adv.)most, very much (plūrimum posse: be most powerful)
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsumset on fire, burn
cum, prep, with abl.with
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
tametsī (conj.)although
verbum, -ī, n.word
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
minae, -ārum, f. plur.threats
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
oppugnātiō, -ōnis f.siege, assault on a town
dēsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusset down; leave off, desist, cease, stop
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake completely, use up, consume, spend
frūstrā, adv.in vain
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.