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Sallust · Bellum Iugurthinum

Bellum Iugurthinum 13

Jugurtha bribes the Roman nobles

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Iug. 13.1Cēterum fāma tantī facinoris per omnem Āfricam brevī dīvolgātur.But the report of so great a crime is soon spread throughout all Africa. Iug. 13.1Adherbalem omnīsque, quī sub imperiō Micipsae fuerant, metus invādit.Fear seizes Adherbal and all who had been under Micipsa's rule. Iug. 13.1In duās partīs discēdunt Numidae: plūrēs Adherbalem sequontur, sed illum alterum bellō meliōrēs.The Numidians split into two parties: the greater number follow Adherbal, but the better soldiers the other man. Iug. 13.2Igitur Iugurtha quam maxumās potest cōpiās armat, urbīs partim vī aliās voluntāte imperiō suō adiungit, omnī Numidiae imperāre parat.So Jugurtha arms the largest forces he can, adds cities to his rule, some by force, others by their consent, and prepares to rule all Numidia. Iug. 13.3Adherbal tametsī Rōmam lēgātōs mīserat, quī senātum docērent dē caede frātris et fortūnīs suīs, tamen frētus multitūdine mīlitum parābat armīs contendere.Adherbal, although he had sent envoys to Rome to inform the senate of his brother's murder and of his own fortunes, nevertheless, relying on the number of his soldiers, was preparing to contend in arms. Iug. 13.4Sed ubi rēs ad certāmen vēnit, victus ex proeliō profūgit in prōvinciam ac deinde Rōmam contendit.But when it came to a contest, he was defeated and fled from the battle into the province, and from there hastened to Rome.

Iug. 13.5Tum Iugurtha patrātis cōnsiliīs, postquam omnī Numidiā potiēbātur, in ōtiō facinus suom cum animō reputāns timēre populum Rōmānum neque advorsus īram eius usquam nisi in avāritiā nōbilitātis et pecūniā suā spem habēre.Then Jugurtha, his plans accomplished, once he was master of all Numidia, reflecting at leisure on his crime, began to fear the Roman people and to have no hope anywhere against its anger except in the greed of the nobility and his own money. Iug. 13.6Itaque paucīs diēbus cum aurō et argentō multō Rōmam lēgātōs mittit, Quīs praecipit, prīmum utī veterēs amīcōs mūneribus expleant, deinde novōs adquīrant, postrēmō quaecumque possint largiundō parāre nē cūnctentur.And so a few days later he sends envoys to Rome with much gold and silver, and instructs them first to satisfy his old friends with gifts, then to win new ones, and finally not to hesitate to secure by bribery whatever they could. Iug. 13.7Sed ubi Rōmam lēgātī vēnēre et ex praeceptō rēgis hospitibus aliīsque, quōrum eā tempestāte in senātū auctōritās pollēbat, magna mūnera mīsēre, tanta conmūtātiō incessit, ut ex maxumā invidiā in grātiam et favōrem nōbilitātis Iugurtha venīret.But when the envoys came to Rome and, in accordance with the king's instructions, sent great gifts to his hosts and to others whose influence was strong in the senate at that time, so great a change took place that Jugurtha passed from the greatest unpopularity into the goodwill and favour of the nobility.

Iug. 13.8Quōrum pars spē, aliī praemiō inductī singulōs ex senātū ambiundō nītēbantur, nē gravius in eum cōnsulerētur.Some of these, induced by hope, others by reward, strove by canvassing the senators one by one to prevent any harsher measure being decided against him. Iug. 13.9Igitur ubi lēgātī satis cōnfīdunt, diē cōnstitūtō senātus utrīsque datur.Accordingly, when the envoys feel confident enough, on an appointed day a hearing of the senate is given to both sides. Iug. 13.9Tum Adherbalem hōc modō locūtum accēpimus:Then, we are told, Adherbal spoke in this way:

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (140 words)
cēterum (adv.)but, however; for the rest
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
facinus, facinoris, n.deed, crime
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
omnis, -eall, every
brevis, -eshort
dīvulgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake public, spread abroad
que, enclitic conj.and
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
metus, -ūs m.fear, dread
invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsusgo into, attack, seize; come upon
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
sed, conj.but
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
bellum, -ī, n.war
bonus, -a, -umgood
igitur, conj.therefore
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
armō, -āre, -āvi, -ātusarm, equip
urbs, urbis, f.city
partim (adv.)partly (partim … partim: some … others)
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
adiungo, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to, join
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
tametsī (conj.)although
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
senātus, -ūs m.senate
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
frāter, frātris, m.brother
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
frētus, -a, -um (+ abl.)relying on
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
certāmen, -minis, n.struggle, contest
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
profugiō, -ere, -fūgīflee, escape
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
deinde, adv.then, next
tum, adv.then, at that time
patrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring about, accomplish, complete
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
potior, -īrī, -ītusbecome master of, get possession of
ōtium, -ī n.leisure, rest; peace, quiet
cum, prep, with abl.with
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
reputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, reckon among; think over
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
adversum (prep. + acc.; also adversus)against, opposite
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
usquam (adv.)anywhere
nisi, conj.if not, unless
avāritia, -ae f.greed
nōbilitās, -tātis f.the nobility
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
spēs, speī, f.hope
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
aurum, -ī, n.gold
argentum, -ī, n.silver
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vetus, veterisold, former
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
expleō, -ēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill up, complete; make good
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
adquīrō, -quīrere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītusacquire, gain in addition
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
quīcumque, quaecumque, quodcumquewhoever, whatever
largior, -īrī, -ītus sumgive generously, bribe
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
praeceptum, -ī n.instruction, order
rēx, rēgis, m.king
hospes, hospitis m.guest; host; guest-friend
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
tempestās, -tātis, f.weather; storm, tempest
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
polleō, -ērebe strong, be powerful
commūtātiō, -tiōnis, f.change
incēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumwalk, step, advance
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
favor, -ōris m.goodwill, support, applause
praemium, -ī, n.reward
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
singulī, -ae, -aone at a time, single
ambiō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo round; approach, court, win over
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
Sallust, Bellum Iugurthinum. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Sallust's Jugurthine War, with chapter 79 onwards in part from A. W. Ahlberg (Teubner, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.