| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| tuus, -a, -um | thy, thine, your |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| trālātīcius (trānslātīcius), -a, -um | customary, conventional, ordinary |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| quasi, conj. | as if |
| pūblicus, -a, -um | public, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state) |
| officium, -ī, n. | service; duty |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m. | of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend |
| amīcus, -ī, m. | friend |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| commodum, -ī n. | advantage, interest |
| exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctum | drive out; finish, spend (a season) |
| ego, meī, pers. pron. | I |
| tū, tuī, pers. pron. | thou, you |
| cōnstanter (adv.) | steadily, consistently |
| amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | love |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| vereor, -ērī, -itus | fear |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| aliter, adv. | in another way, otherwise, differently |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| volō, velle, voluī | wish |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| nisi, conj. | if not, unless |
| Kalendae, -ārum f. pl. | the Kalends (1st day of the month) |
| statim, adv. | on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately |
| cōnsul, -ulis m. | consul (one of Rome's two chief magistrates) |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| praesertim (adv.) | especially |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| necessitās, -ātis f. | necessity, compulsion |
| locō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | place; let out a contract for (a public work) |
| praedium, -ī n. | estate, farm |
| plūrēs, -a, plur. adj. | more, many, several |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| ōrdinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | set in order, arrange in rows |
| dētineō, -ēre, -tinuī, -tentum | hold back, detain |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| novus, -a, -um | new; novissimus, last |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptus | take under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment |
| nam, conj. | for |
| prior, prius | earlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front) |
| lūstrum, -ī n. | a purifying sacrifice closing the census; a period of five years |
| quamquam, conj. | however much, although |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| remissiō, -ōnis f. | relaxing, easing; leniency |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētum | grow, rise (in power) |
| inde (adv.) | from there; then |
| plērīque, plēraeque, plēraque | most, very many |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| cūra, -ae f. | care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern) |
| minuō, -ere, minuī, minūtum | lessen, reduce |
| aes, aeris, n. | copper, bronze |
| aliēnus, -a, -um | belonging to another, out of place |
| dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātus | despair |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| persolvō, -solvere, -solvī, -solūtus | pay completely, pay |
| rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tus | seize, snatch |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| cōnsūmō, -sūmere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptus | take completely, use up, consume, spend |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| nāscor, -ī, nātus sum | be born; rise, begin |
| putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | think |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrus | spare, show mercy to (+ dat.) |
| occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run against, meet |
| ergō (adv.) | therefore, then; quid ergō? what then? |
| augēscō, -ere, auxī | grow, increase |
| vitium, -ī n. | fault, vice |
| medeor, -ērī | heal, remedy (+ dat.) |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| ratiō, -ōnis, f. | plan, means, method, manner; reason; account |
| sī, conj. | if |
| nummus, -ī, m. | coin |
| sed, conj. | but |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| deinde, adv. | then, next |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| meus, -a, -um | my, mine |
| aliquis, -quid, indef. pron. | someone, any one, something, anything, some, any |
| opus, operis, n. | work, task |
| exāctor, -ōris m. | collector (of taxes or debts) |
| custōs, -ōdis m. | guard |
| frūctus, -ūs, m. | enjoyment; fruit |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |
| aliōquī (adv.) | otherwise; in other respects |
| iūstus, -a, -um | just |
| genus, generis, n. | kind, nature |
| reditus, -ūs, m. | return |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| caelum, -ī, n. | heaven, sky |
| referō, referre, rettulī, relātus | bring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia |
| at, conj. | but |
| fidēs, -eī f. | faith, trust; pledge |
| ācer, ācris, ācre | sharp, shrill |
| oculus, -ī, m. | eye |
| numerōsus, -a, -um | numerous, populous; rhythmical |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| poscō, poscere, poposcī | ask, demand |
| experior, -īrī, expertus sum | try, test, experience |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| vetus, veteris | old, former |
| morbus, -ī m. | sickness, disease |
| quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibet | any you please, any at all |
| mūtātiō, -ōnis f. | change, alteration |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | try, attempt |
| dēlicātus, -a, -um | dainty, pampered, effeminate |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| obeō, -īre, -iī, -itus | go to meet; attend to, carry out |
| prīmum, adv. | first, in the first place |
| cōnsulātus, -ūs m. | consulship |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| sinō, -ere, sīvī, situs | allow, permit, let |
| hīc, adv. | here; hereupon |
| quoque, adv. | also |
| praesēns, -sentis, adj. | present, immediate, imminent |
| vōtum, -ī n. | vow; wish, prayer |
| gaudium, -ī, n. | gladness, joy |
| grātulātiō, -ōnis f. | rejoicing, congratulation |
| celebrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | throng; keep (a festival), celebrate |
| valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrus | be strong or effectual, have effect, prevail |