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Pliny · Epistulae IX

Pliny, Letter 9.19

Verginius, Frontinus and monuments

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Ep. 9.19.1Significās lēgisse tē in quādam epistulā meā iussisse Verginium Rūfum īnscrībī sepulcrō suō: Hīc situs est Rūfus, pulsō quī Vindice quondam imperium asseruit nōn sibi sed patriae.You indicate that you read in one of my letters that Verginius Rufus ordered this to be inscribed on his tomb: 'Here lies Rufus, who once, when Vindex was routed, claimed the empire not for himself but for his country.' Ep. 9.19.1Reprehendis quod iusserit, addis etiam melius rēctiusque Frontīnum, quod vetuerit omnīnō monumentum sibi fierī, mēque ad extrēmum quid dē utrōque sentiam cōnsulis.You criticise him for ordering it, and add that Frontinus acted better and more rightly in forbidding any monument at all to be made for him, and finally you ask me what I think about each. Ep. 9.19.2Utrumque dīlēxī, mīrātus sum magis quem tū reprehendis, atque ita mīrātus ut nōn putārem satis umquam posse laudārī, cuius nunc mihi subeunda dēfēnsiō est.I loved them both, but admired more the one you criticise, and admired him so much that I did not think he could ever be praised enough — the man whose defence I must now undertake.

Ep. 9.19.3Omnēs ego quī magnum aliquid memorandumque fēcērunt, nōn modo veniā vērum etiam laude dignissimōs iūdicō, sī immortālitātem quam meruēre sectantur, vīctūrīque nōminis fāmam suprēmīs etiam titulīs prōrogāre nītuntur.All those who have done something great and memorable I judge most worthy not merely of pardon but even of praise, if they pursue the immortality they have earned, and strive to prolong the fame of a name that will live on even through their epitaphs. Ep. 9.19.4Nec facile quemquam nisi Verginium inveniō, cuius tanta in praedicandō verēcundia quanta glōria ex factō.Nor do I easily find anyone except Verginius whose modesty in speaking of his deed was as great as the glory he won from it. Ep. 9.19.5Ipse sum testis, familiāriter ab eō dīlēctus probātusque, semel omnīnō mē audiente prōvectum, ut dē rēbus suīs hoc ūnum referret, ita sēcum aliquandō Cluvium locūtum: "Scīs, Verginī, quae historiae fidēs dēbeātur;I myself am a witness — for he loved and approved of me as an intimate — that only once in my hearing did he go so far as to relate this one thing about his own achievements: that Cluvius had once spoken to him thus: 'You know, Verginius, what faithfulness is owed to history; Ep. 9.19.5proinde sī quid in historiīs meīs legis aliter ac velīs rogō ignōscās."so if you read anything in my histories other than you would wish, I beg you to forgive me.' Ep. 9.19.5Ad hoc ille: "Tūne ignōrās, Cluvī, ideō mē fēcisse quod fēcī, ut esset līberum vōbīs scrībere quae libuīsset?"To this he replied: 'Do you not know, Cluvius, that I did what I did precisely so that you should all be free to write what you pleased?' Ep. 9.19.6Age dum, hunc ipsum Frontīnum in hōc ipsō, in quō tibi parcior vidētur et pressior, comparēmus.Come now, let us compare this very Frontinus in this very matter in which he seems to you more sparing and restrained.

Ep. 9.19.6Vetuit exstruī monumentum, sed quibus verbīs?He forbade a monument to be built, but in what words? Ep. 9.19.6"Impēnsa monumentī supervacua est;'The expense of a monument is superfluous; Ep. 9.19.6memoria nostrī dūrābit, sī vītā meruimus."my memory will endure if my life has deserved it.' Ep. 9.19.6An restrictius arbitrāris per orbem terrārum legendum dare dūrātūram memoriam suam quam ūnō in locō duōbus versiculīs signāre quod fēcerīs?Or do you think it more restrained to give out for the whole world to read that one's memory will endure than to record in one place, in two short lines, what one has done? Ep. 9.19.7Quamquam nōn habeō prōpositum illum reprehendendī, sed hunc tuendī;However, my purpose is not to criticise him but to defend the other; Ep. 9.19.7cuius quae potest apud tē iūstior esse dēfēnsiō, quam ex collātiōne eius quem praetulistī?and what defence of him can be more just in your eyes than one drawn from comparison with the man you preferred? Ep. 9.19.8Meō quidem iūdiciō neuter culpandus, quōrum uterque ad glōriam parī cupiditāte, dīversō itinere contendit, alter dum expetit dēbitōs titulōs, alter dum māvult vidērī contempsisse.In my judgement, at any rate, neither is to be blamed, since both strove for glory with equal desire but by different roads, the one by seeking the inscription that was his due, the other by preferring to seem to have despised it.

Ep. 9.19.8Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×7, gerunds and gerundives ×7, purpose clauses ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (172 words)
significō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshow, indicate, signal
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
epistula, -ae f.letter
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
īnscrībō, -scrībere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptuswrite on, inscribe
sepulcrum, -ī n.tomb, grave
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
situs, -a, -umplaced, situated
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
quondam (adv.)once, formerly, at one time
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
assero (adserō), -ere, -seruī, -sertumlay claim to, claim
nōn, adv.not
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
sed, conj.but
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsumblame, criticise
quod, conj.that, in that, because
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
bene, adv.well; successfully
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
que, enclitic conj.and
vetō, -āre, vetuī, vetitumforbid
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
monumentum, -ī n.memorial, monument; record
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
umquam, adv.ever
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
nunc, adv.now
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
dēfēnsiō, -ōnis f.defence
omnis, -eall, every
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
memorō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusremind of, mention
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
modo, adv.only
venia, -ae f.pardon, forgiveness
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
sī, conj.if
immortālitās, -ātis f.immortality
mereō, -ēre, meruī, meritusdeserve, earn
sector, -ārī, -ātus sumkeep following, chase after
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
suprēmus, -a, -umhighest, last
titulus, -ī m.notice, inscription, label
prōrogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusprolong, extend (a command, office); put off, defer
nītor, -ī, nīxus sum (+ abl.)rely on
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
facile, adv.easily
quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron.any one, anything
nisi, conj.if not, unless
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
praedicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumproclaim; boast of
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
glōria, -ae, f.glory
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
factum, -ī n.deed, act
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
testis, -is m./f.witness
familiāriter, adv.on intimate terms, closely
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry forward
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
historia, -ae f.history, an account of past events
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
volō, velle, voluīwish
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
ignōscō, -ere, ignōvī, ignōtum (+ dat.)pardon, forgive
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ignōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbe ignorant of
ideō (adv.)for that reason, therefore
līber, lībera, līberumfree
vōsplur. of tū
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
libet, -ēre, libuit (impers.)it pleases; mihi libet: I like, I want
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
parcus, -a, -umsparing, thrifty, frugal
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
pressus, -a, -umconcise, restrained (of style); deep, intense (of colour)
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
exstruō, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctuspile or heap up, build, erect
verbum, -ī, n.word
impēnsa, -ae f.expense, outlay
supervacuus, -a, -umsuperfluous, unnecessary, needless
memoria, -ae, f.memory
nōsplur. of ego
dūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharden, toughen
vīta, -ae, f.life
an, conj.or (in questions)
restrictē (adv.)sparingly, strictly, narrowly
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
versiculus, -ī m.little verse, short line of poetry
signō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, seal; certify
quamquam, conj.however much, although
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
prōpositum, -ī n.plan, purpose; the point being made, theme
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
iūstus, -a, -umjust
collātiō, -ōnis f.bringing together; comparison
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
neuter, neutra, neutrumneither
culpō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusblame
pār, parisequal
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
expetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītusseek eagerly, desire
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae IX. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.