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Pliny · Epistulae V

Pliny, Letter 5.5

The death of Gaius Fannius

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Ep. 5.5.1Nūntiātum mihi C. Fannium dēcessisse;I have been told that Gaius Fannius has died; Ep. 5.5.1quī nūntius mē gravī dolōre cōnfūdit, prīmum quod amāvī hominem ēlegantem disertum, deinde quod iūdiciō eius ūtī solēbam.the news overwhelmed me with deep grief, first because I loved this refined and eloquent man, and secondly because I used to rely on his judgement. Ep. 5.5.1Erat enim acūtus nātūrā, ūsū exercitātus, vēritāte promptissimus.For he was sharp by nature, trained by practice, and very ready with the truth. Ep. 5.5.2Angit mē super ista cāsus ipsīus: dēcessit veterī testāmentō, omīsit quōs maximē dīligēbat, prōsecūtus est quibus offēnsior erat.Besides this, what happened to him personally distresses me: he died under an old will, leaving out those he most loved and favouring those with whom he was more at odds. Ep. 5.5.2Sed hoc utcumque tolerābile;But this is somehow bearable; Ep. 5.5.2gravius illud, quod pulcherrimum opus imperfectum relīquit.what is worse is that he left a very fine work unfinished. Ep. 5.5.3Quamvīs enim agendīs causīs distringerētur, scrībēbat tamen exitūs occīsōrum aut relēgātōrum ā Nerōne et iam trēs librōs absolverat subtīlēs et dīligentēs et Latīnōs atque inter sermōnem historiamque mediōs, ac tantō magis reliquōs perficere cupiēbat, quantō frequentius hī lēctitābantur.For although he was distracted by pleading cases, he was nevertheless writing about the deaths of those who were killed or banished by Nero, and had already completed three books, subtle, careful and in good Latin, midway between conversation and history, and he was all the more eager to finish the rest the more often these were read.

Ep. 5.5.4Mihi autem vidētur acerba semper et immātūra mors eōrum, quī immortāle aliquid parant.To me, however, the death of those who are preparing something immortal always seems bitter and untimely. Ep. 5.5.4Nam quī voluptātibus dēditī quasi in diem vīvunt, vīvendī causās cōtīdiē fīniunt;For those who are given over to pleasures and live, as it were, from day to day, end their reasons for living each day; Ep. 5.5.4quī vērō posterōs cōgitant, et memoriam suī operibus extendunt, hīs nūlla mors nōn repentīna est, ut quae semper incohātum aliquid abrumpat.but those who think of posterity and extend their memory by their works, to them no death is anything but sudden, since it always breaks off something just begun. Ep. 5.5.5Gāius quidem Fannius, quod accidit, multō ante praesēnsit.Gaius Fannius, indeed, had a foreboding long beforehand of what happened. Ep. 5.5.5Vīsus est sibi per nocturnam quiētem iacēre in lectulō suō compositus in habitum studentis, habēre ante sē scrīnium - ita solēbat -;He dreamed in the quiet of the night that he was lying on his couch, settled in the posture of a man studying, with his book-box in front of him — that was his habit; Ep. 5.5.5mox imāginātus est vēnisse Nerōnem, in torō resēdisse, prōmpsisse prīmum librum quem dē sceleribus eius ēdiderat, eum que ad extrēmum;revolvissenext he imagined that Nero had come, sat down on the couch, taken out the first book which he had published about his crimes, and unrolled it to the end; Ep. 5.5.5idem in secundō ac tertiō fēcisse, tunc abīsse.that he did the same with the second and third, and then went away.

Ep. 5.5.6Expāvit et sīc interpretātus est, tamquam īdem sibi futūrus esset scrībendī fīnis, quī fuisset illī legendī: et fuit īdem.He was terrified, and interpreted it as if the end of his writing would be the same as had been the end of Nero's reading: and it was the same. Ep. 5.5.7Quod mē recordantem miserātiō subit, quantum vigiliārum quantum labōris exhauserit frūstrā.When I recall this, pity comes over me at how many sleepless nights, how much labour he spent in vain. Ep. 5.5.7Occursant animō mea mortālitās mea scrīpta.My own mortality, my own writings, come into my mind. Ep. 5.5.7Nec dubitō tē quoque eādem cōgitātiōne terrērī, prō istīs quae inter manūs habēs.And I do not doubt that you too are alarmed by the same thought, on behalf of the work you have in hand. Ep. 5.5.8Proinde, dum suppetit vīta, ēnītāmur ut mors quam paucissima quae abolēre possit inveniat.So, while life lasts, let us strive that death may find as little as possible that it can destroy. Ep. 5.5.8Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×4, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (184 words)
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
dēcēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo away, depart
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
cōnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour together, mingle; throw into disorder, confuse
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
quod, conj.that, in that, because
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
homō, hominis, m.man
ēlegāns, -antisrefined, tasteful, elegant
disertus, -a, -umeloquent, skilled in speaking
deinde, adv.then, next
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
enim, conj.for
acūtus, -a, -umsharp, pointed
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
exercitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtrain, exercise
vēritās, -ātis f.truth
promptus, -a, -umready, eager
angō, -ere, ānxīchoke; (pass.) be vexed, be distressed
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vetus, veterisold, former
testāmentum, -ī n.will (testament)
omittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missuslet go, neglect, disregard, throw away, lose
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
dīligō, -ere, -lēxī, -lēctuslove, value highly
prōsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow forward, follow
offēnsus, -a, -umdispleased, offended
sed, conj.but
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
utcumque (adv., conj.)however, in whatever way
tolerābilis, -ebearable, tolerable
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
pulcher, pulchra, pulchrumbeautiful
opus, operis, n.work, task
imperfectus, -a, -umunfinished, not done
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
distringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictusstretch apart; keep busy, distract
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
exitus, -ūs m.way out; outcome, end
occīdō, -cīdere, -cīdī, -cīsuscut down, kill
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
relēgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussend away, remove; banish
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
iam, adv.now, already
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
liber, librī m.book; record
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
subtīlis, -efine, delicate; precise, discriminating
dīligēns, -entiscareful, attentive, conscientious
Latīnus, -a, -umLatin
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
historia, -ae f.history, an account of past events
que, enclitic conj.and
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
frequenter (adv.)often, frequently
lēctitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread often, read eagerly; read again and again
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
semper, adv.always
immātūrus, -a, -umunripe; too early, untimely
mors, mortīs, f.death
immortālis, -eimmortal
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
nam, conj.for
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
quasi, conj.as if
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
cottīdiē, adv.daily, every day
fīniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusbound, limit; end
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
posterī, -ōrum m. pl.descendants, posterity
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
memoria, -ae, f.memory
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
extendō, -ere, -tendī, -tentumstretch out, extend
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
nōn, adv.not
repentīnus, -a, -umsudden
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
incohō (inchoō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start
abrumpō, -ere, -rūpī, -ruptusbreak off, cut short
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
praesentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsusperceive beforehand, sense in advance
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
nocturnus, -a, -umof night, nocturnal; nocturnum tempus, night-time
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
iaceō, -ēre, -uīlie, be prostrate
lectulus, -ī m.small couch, bed
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
habitus, -ūs m.condition, state; bearing, character
studeō, -ēre, -uībe eager, give attention, apply oneself
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
scrīnium, -ī n.a case or box for papers, document box
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
mox, adv.soon
imāginor, -ārī, -ātus sumpicture to oneself, imagine
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
torus, -ī m.cushion, mattress; couch
resīdō, -sīdere, -sēdīsettle down, subside
prōmō, prōmere, prōmpsī, prōmptustake or bring out, produce
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
scelus, sceleris, n.wickedness, crime
ēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput forth, give out, utter
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
revolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtusroll back, roll away
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
tertius, -a, -umthird
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
expavēscō, -ere, -pāvībe terrified, take fright
sīc, adv.so, thus
interpretor, -ārī, -ātus sumexplain, interpret
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
recordor, -ārī, -ātus sumcall to mind, remember
miserātiō, -ōnis f.pity, compassion
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
vigilia, -ae, f.watch
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
exhaurio, -haurīre, -hausī, -haustusdrink up or off, drain
frūstrā, adv.in vain
occursō, -āre, -āvīrun to meet, meet; present itself (to the eyes)
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
mortālitās, -ātis f.mortality; the human race, mankind
scrīptum, -ī n.something written; (pl.) writings, works
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
quoque, adv.also
cōgitātiō, -ōnis f.thought, reflection; plan, intention
terreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten, terrify
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
manus, -ūs, f.hand
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
suppetō, -ere, -īvībe at hand, be in supply
vīta, -ae, f.life
ēnītor, -ī, -nīsus (-nīxus) sumstruggle upward; strive, exert oneself
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
aboleō, -ēre, -ēvī, -itumdestroy, wipe out (the memory of)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae V. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.