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Pliny · Epistulae V

Pliny, Letter 5.3

In defence of light verse

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Ep. 5.3.1Cum plūrima officia tua mihi grāta et iūcunda sunt, tum vel maximē quod mē cēlandum nōn putāstī, fuisse apud tē dē versiculīs meīs multum cōpiōsumque sermōnem, eumque dīversitāte iūdiciōrum longius prōcessisse, exstitisse etiam quōsdam, quī scrīpta quidem ipsa nōn improbārent, mē tamen amīcē simpliciterque reprehenderent, quod haec scrīberem recitāremque.Many as are your kindnesses that are pleasing and agreeable to me, this one is the most welcome of all, that you thought you should not conceal from me that there had been much lengthy talk at your house about my light verses, that this had gone on rather long because of the differences of opinion, and that there had even been some who, while not disapproving of the writings themselves, nevertheless criticised me in a friendly and frank way for writing and reciting such things. Ep. 5.3.2Quibus ego, ut augeam meam culpam, ita respondeō: faciō nōn numquam versiculōs sevērōs parum, faciō;To them, so as to make my guilt worse, I reply as follows: I do sometimes write verses that are not very serious, I do; Ep. 5.3.2nam et cōmoediās audiō et spectō mīmōs et lyricōs legō et Sōtadicōs intellegō;for I listen to comedies and watch mimes and read lyric poets and understand Sotadeans; Ep. 5.3.2aliquandō praetereā rīdeō iocor lūdō, utque omnia innoxiae remissiōnis genera breviter amplectar, homō sum.besides, I sometimes laugh, joke and play, and, to sum up every kind of harmless relaxation briefly, I am human.

Ep. 5.3.3Nec vērō molestē ferō hanc esse dē mōribus meīs exīstimātiōnem, ut quī nesciunt tālia doctissimōs gravissimōs sānctissimōs hominēs scrīptitāsse, mē scrībere mīrentur.Nor indeed am I annoyed that this is the opinion of my character, that those who do not know that the most learned, the most serious and the most upright men have often written such things should be surprised that I write them. Ep. 5.3.4Ab illīs autem quibus notum est, quōs quantōsque auctōrēs sequar, facile impetrārī posse cōnfīdō, ut errāre mē sed cum illīs sinant, quōrum nōn sēria modo vērum etiam lūsūs exprimere laudābile est.But from those who know what authorities, and how great, I follow, I am confident that it can easily be obtained that they allow me to go astray, but in the company of men whose playful pieces, and not only their serious work, it is praiseworthy to copy. Ep. 5.3.5An ego verear - nēminem vīventium, nē quam in speciem adūlātiōnis incidam, nōminābō -, sed ego verear nē mē nōn satis deceat, quod decuit M. Tullium, C. Calvum, Asinium Polliōnem, M. Messālam, Q. Hortēnsium, M. Brūtum, L. Sullam, Q. Catulum, Q. Scaevolam, Servium Sulpicium, Varrōnem, Torquātum, immō Torquātōs, C. Memmium, Lentulum Gaetūlicum, Annaeum Senecam et proximē Verginium Rūfum et, sī nōn sufficiunt exempla prīvāta, Dīvum Iūlium, Dīvum Augustum, Dīvum Nervam, Tiberium Caesarem?Am I to fear — I shall name no one living, so as not to fall into any appearance of flattery — but am I to fear that what suited Marcus Tullius, Gaius Calvus, Asinius Pollio, Marcus Messalla, Quintus Hortensius, Marcus Brutus, Lucius Sulla, Quintus Catulus, Quintus Scaevola, Servius Sulpicius, Varro, Torquatus, or rather the Torquati, Gaius Memmius, Lentulus Gaetulicus, Annaeus Seneca and most recently Verginius Rufus, and, if private examples are not enough, the Deified Julius, the Deified Augustus, the Deified Nerva and Tiberius Caesar, may not quite suit me?

Ep. 5.3.6Nerōnem enim trānseō, quamvīs sciam nōn corrumpī in dēterius quae aliquandō etiam ā malīs, sed honesta manēre quae saepius ā bonīs fīunt.I pass over Nero, though I know that things are not corrupted for the worse which are sometimes done even by bad men, but that things which are more often done by good men remain honourable. Ep. 5.3.6Inter quōs vel praecipuē numerandus est P. Vergilius, Cornēlius Nepōs et prius Accius Enniusque.Among these, Publius Vergilius, Cornelius Nepos, and earlier Accius and Ennius, must be counted foremost. Ep. 5.3.6Nōn quidem hī senātōrēs, sed sānctitās mōrum nōn distat ōrdinibus.These were not senators, it is true, but purity of character does not differ according to rank. Ep. 5.3.7Recitō tamen, quod illī an fēcerint nesciō.Yet I recite, and whether they did so I do not know. Ep. 5.3.7Etiam: sed illī iūdiciō suō poterant esse contentī, mihi modestior cōnstantia est quam ut satis absolūtum putem, quod ā mē probētur.Granted: but they could be content with their own judgement, whereas I am too modest in my confidence to think that what wins my own approval is finished enough. Ep. 5.3.8Itaque hās recitandī causās sequor, prīmum quod ipse quī recitat aliquantō ācrius scrīptīs suīs audītōrum reverentiā intendit;So these are my reasons for reciting: first, that the man who recites applies himself to his writings rather more keenly out of respect for his listeners; Ep. 5.3.8deinde quod dē quibus dubitat, quasi ex cōnsiliī sententiā statuit.secondly, that he settles the points he is in doubt about as if on the advice of a council.

Ep. 5.3.9Multa etiam multīs admonētur, et sī nōn admoneātur, quid quisque sentiat perspicit ex vultū oculīs nūtū manū murmure silentiō;He also receives many suggestions from many people, and if he does not receive them, he perceives what each person thinks from their face, eyes, nods, hands, murmurs and silence; Ep. 5.3.9quae satis apertīs notīs iūdicium ab hūmānitāte discernunt.signs which distinguish genuine judgement from politeness clearly enough. Ep. 5.3.10Atque adeō sī cui forte eōrum quī interfuērunt cūrae fuerit eadem illa legere, intelleget mē quaedam aut commūtāsse aut praeterīsse, fortasse etiam ex suō iūdiciō, quamvīs ipse nihil dīxerit mihi.And indeed if any of those who were present should happen to take the trouble to read those same pieces, he will see that I have either changed or left out certain things, perhaps even on his own judgement, although he said nothing to me himself. Ep. 5.3.11Atque haec ita disputō quasi populum in audītōrium, nōn in cubiculum amīcōs advocārim, quōs plūrēs habēre multīs glōriōsum, reprehēnsiōnī nēminī fuit.But I am arguing all this as though I had invited the public into a lecture hall, and not friends into my own room; to have many friends has brought glory to many, and reproach to none.

Ep. 5.3.11Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×3, indirect statement ×9, purpose clauses ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (209 words)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tum, adv.then, at that time
velor; vel … vel: either … or
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
quod, conj.that, in that, because
cēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushide, conceal
nōn, adv.not
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
versiculus, -ī m.little verse, short line of poetry
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
cōpiōsus, -a, -umwell supplied, wealthy
que, enclitic conj.and
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dīversitās, -ātis f.difference, variety; contrast, contradiction
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
longē, adv.far
prōcēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo forward, advance
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
scrīptum, -ī n.something written; (pl.) writings, works
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
improbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdisapprove of, reject
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
amīcē (adv.)in a friendly way
simpliciter (adv.)simply, plainly, frankly
reprehendō, -ere, -hendī, -hēnsumblame, criticise
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread aloud
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
numquam, adv.never
sevērus, -a, -umstern, strict, severe
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
nam, conj.for
cōmoedia, -ae f.comedy
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
mīmus, -ī m.mime, farce (a popular comic stage show); mime actor
lyricus, -a, -umof the lyre, lyric
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
Sōtadicus, -a, -umSotadean, in the metre of Sotades (often obscene verse)
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
aliquandō, adv.at some time or other; finally, at length
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
rīdeō, rīdēre, rīsī, rīsuslaugh
iocor, -ārī, -ātus sumjoke, jest, play
lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsumplay; mock, deceive
omnis, -eall, every
innoxius, -a, -umharmless; innocent
remissiō, -ōnis f.relaxing, easing; leniency
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
breviter (adv.)briefly, in a few words
amplector, -plectī, -plexus sumembrace, hug; welcome, adopt
homō, hominis, m.man
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
molestē (adv.)with annoyance (molestē ferre: be annoyed at)
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
exīstimātiō, -ōnis f.opinion, reputation
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
tālis, -esuch
doctus, -a, -umlearned, skilled, trained (in: abl.)
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
scrīptitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswrite often, keep writing
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
facile, adv.easily
impetrō, -petrāre, -petrāvī, -petrātusgain one's end, obtain (a request)
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
sed, conj.but
cum, prep, with abl.with
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
sērius, -a, -umserious; (n. pl. as noun) serious matters
modo, adv.only
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
lūsus, -ūs m.play, game, sport
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
laudābilis, -epraiseworthy, commendable
an, conj.or (in questions)
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
speciēs, -ēī, f.sight, appearance, shape
adūlātiō, -ōnis f.flattery, fawning
incidō, -cidere, -cidīfall into or upon
nōminō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumname, mention
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
quīntus, -a, -umfifth
immō (adv.)no rather, on the contrary; immō vērō: no, indeed, even
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
sī, conj.if
sufficiō, -ere, -fēcī, -fectusbe enough, hold out; supply
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
dīvus, -ī m. (gen. pl. also dīvum, dīvom)god
enim, conj.for
trānseō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo across or over, cross
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
dēterior, -iusworse, poorer
malus, -a, -umbad
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
saepe, adv.often, frequently
bonus, -a, -umgood
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
praecipuē, adv.especially
numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, number; reckon, count as
prius, adv.before, first
senātor, -ōris m.senator, elder
sānctitās, -ātis f.holiness, sanctity; purity, integrity
distō, -ārestand apart, be distant
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
contentus, -a, -umcontent, satisfied (+ abl.)
modestus, -a, -ummoderate, restrained, modest
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
aliquantō (adv.)somewhat, considerably
ācriter, adv.sharply, fiercely
reverentia, -ae f.respect, modesty, shyness
intendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out; stretch, draw, aim
deinde, adv.then, next
dubitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdoubt, hesitate
quasi, conj.as if
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
statuō, statuere, statuī, statūtuscause to stand; decide, resolve
admoneō, -ēre, -uī, -itusremind, warn, advise
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumsee clearly, observe
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
oculus, -ī, m.eye
nūtus, -ūs m.nod; will, command
manus, -ūs, f.hand
murmur, -uris n.murmur, muttering
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
apertus, -a, -umopen
nota, -ae f.mark, sign; brand, stigma
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
discernō, -ere, -crēvī, -crētusseparate; distinguish, tell apart
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
forte, adv.by chance, accidentally
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
commūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumchange
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
disputō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusdiscuss, argue
populus, -ī m.people, nation
audītōrium, -ī n.audience hall, lecture room; audience
cubiculum, -ī, n.bedroom
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
advocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon (contiōnem advocāre: call an assembly)
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
glōriōsus, -a, -umglorious; boastful
reprehēnsiō, -ōnis f.blame, censure, criticism
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae V. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.