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Pliny · Epistulae IV

Pliny, Letter 4.7

Regulus' book about his son

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Ep. 4.7.1Saepe tibi dīcō īnesse vim Rēgulō.I often tell you that Regulus has force. Ep. 4.7.1Mīrum est quam efficiat in quod incubuit.It is amazing how he accomplishes whatever he has set his mind to. Ep. 4.7.1Placuit eī lūgēre fīlium: lūget ut nēmō.He decided to mourn his son: he mourns as no one else does. Ep. 4.7.1Placuit statuās eius et imāginēs quam plūrimās facere: hoc omnibus officīnīs agit, illum colōribus illum cērā illum aere illum argentō illum aurō ebore marmore effingit.He decided to have as many statues and portraits of him made as possible: he is about this in every workshop, he has him represented in paint, in wax, in bronze, in silver, in gold, ivory and marble. Ep. 4.7.2Ipse vērō nūper adhibitō ingentī audītōriō librum dē vītā eius recitāvit;He himself recently gathered an enormous audience and read aloud a book about his life; Ep. 4.7.2dē vītā puerī, recitāvit tamen.about the life of a boy, yet he read it all the same. Ep. 4.7.2Eundem in exemplāria mīlle trānscrīptum per tōtam Ītaliam prōvinciāsque dīmīsit.He had the same book copied out in a thousand copies and sent it all over Italy and the provinces.

Ep. 4.7.2Scrīpsit pūblicē, ut ā decuriōnibus ēligerētur vōcālissimus aliquis ex ipsīs, quī legeret eum populō: factum est.He wrote officially asking that the town councillors should choose whoever among them had the best voice to read it to the people: it was done. Ep. 4.7.3Hanc ille vim, seu quō aliō nōmine vocanda est intentiō quidquid velīs optinendī, sī ad potiōra vertisset, quantum bonī efficere potuisset!If he had turned this force — or whatever other name should be given to a determination to obtain whatever you want — to better ends, how much good he could have done! Ep. 4.7.3Quamquam minor vīs bonīs quam malīs īnest, ac sīcut ita rēcta ingenia, dēbilitat verēcundia perversa cōnfirmat, audācia recta ingenia debilitat verecundia, perversa confirmat audacia.And yet there is less force in the good than in the bad, and just as 'ignorance brings boldness, but reflection hesitation', so modesty weakens upright characters and audacity strengthens perverse ones. Ep. 4.7.4Exemplō est Rēgulus.Regulus is an example. Ep. 4.7.4Imbēcillum latus, ōs cōnfūsum, haesitāns lingua, tardissima inventiō, memoria nūlla, nihil dēnique praeter ingenium īnsānum, et tamen eō impudentiā ipsōque illō furōre pervēnit, ut ōrātor habeātur.Weak lungs, a confused delivery, a stammering tongue, the slowest invention, no memory, nothing in short but a mad temperament, and yet by impudence and that very madness he has got so far as to be regarded as an orator.

Ep. 4.7.5Itaque Herennius Seneciō mīrificē Catōnis illud dē ōrātōre in hunc ē contrāriō vertit: "Ōrātor est vir malus dīcendī imperītus."So Herennius Senecio wonderfully turned Cato's famous saying about the orator round against him: 'An orator is a bad man unskilled in speaking.' Ep. 4.7.5Nōn mehercule Catō ipse tam bene vērum ōrātōrem quam hic Rēgulum expressit.Cato himself, I swear, did not portray the true orator as well as Senecio portrayed Regulus. Ep. 4.7.6Habēsne quō tālī epistulae parem grātiam referās?Have you anything with which to repay such a letter in kind? Ep. 4.7.6Habēs, sī scrīpseris num aliquis in mūnicipiō vestrō ex sodālibus meīs, num etiam ipse tū hunc lūctuōsum Rēgulī librum ut circulātor in forō lēgerīs, scīlicet ut, ait Dēmosthenēs Demosthenes, τὴν φωνὴν καὶ γεγηθὼς καὶ λαρυγγίζων.You have, if you write and tell me whether any of my friends in your town, or even you yourself, has read this mournful book of Regulus' in the forum like a street-performer, 'raising', no doubt, as Demosthenes says, 'his voice, exulting and bawling at the top of his throat'. Ep. 4.7.7Est enim tam ineptus ut rīsum magis possit exprimere quam gemitum: crēdās nōn dē puerō scrīptum sed ā puerō.For it is so absurd that it could draw laughter rather than groans: you would think it written not about a boy but by one.

Ep. 4.7.7Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×1, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (152 words)
saepe, adv.often, frequently
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
īnsum, inesse, īnfuībe in, be present in (dat.)
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
mīrus, -a, -umwonderful, strange
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
incumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumlean on; throw oneself into, devote oneself to
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
lūgeō, -ēre, lūxī, lūctusmourn, grieve for
fīlius, -ī, m.son
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nēmō, nēminis, m. and f.no one, nobody
statua, -ae f.statue
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
imāgō, -inis f.likeness, image, portrait
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
omnis, -eall, every
officīna, -ae, f.workshop, smithy
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
color, -ōris, m.color
cēra, -ae f.wax; a wax-covered writing tablet
aes, aeris, n.copper, bronze
argentum, -ī, n.silver
aurum, -ī, n.gold
ebur, -oris n.ivory; anything made of ivory (here a sword sheath)
marmor, -oris n.marble; a marble statue
effingō, -ere, -fīnxī, -fictusform, portray, represent
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
nūper, adv.newly, lately, recently
adhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold to, employ, show
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
audītōrium, -ī n.audience hall, lecture room; audience
liber, librī m.book; record
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
vīta, -ae, f.life
recitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusread aloud
puer, puerī, m.boy
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
exemplar, -āris n.model, pattern, example; copy, likeness
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
trānscrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptustransfer, enrol elsewhere; copy out; make over to
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
que, enclitic conj.and
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
decuriō, -ōnis m.cavalry officer, decurion
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
vōcālis, -espeaking, with a voice, vocal
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
legō, legere, lēgī, lēctuschoose, pick out; read
populus, -ī m.people, nation
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
intentiō, -ōnis f.close attention, concentration, effort
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
volō, velle, voluīwish
obtineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold
sī, conj.if
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
potior, -ius (comp. adj.)better, preferable, more powerful
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quamquam, conj.however much, although
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
bonus, -a, -umgood
malus, -a, -umbad
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
sīcut (conj.)just as
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
dēbilitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweaken, cripple, unnerve
verēcundia, -ae f.modesty, respect, deference
perversus, -a, -umtwisted, perverse, wrong-headed
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
audācia, -ae, f.boldness, audacity
exemplum, -ī n.example, precedent
imbēcillus, -a, -umweak, feeble
latus, lateris n.side, flank
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
cōnfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour together, mingle; throw into disorder, confuse
haesitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushesitate
lingua, -ae f.tongue; language
tardus, -a, -umslow
inventiō, -ōnis f.finding out, discovery; invention
memoria, -ae, f.memory
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
dēnique, adv.lastly, finally
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
īnsānus, -a, -ummad, frantic
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
impudentia, -ae f.shamelessness, effrontery
furor, -ōris, m.rage, fury, frenzy, madness
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
ōrātor, -ōris m.speaker; envoy
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
mīrificē (adv.)wonderfully, extraordinarily
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
vir, virī, m.man
imperītus, -a, -uminexperienced, unskilled, ignorant
nōn, adv.not
mehercule, mehercle (interj.)by Hercules!, so help me, truly
tam, adv.so
bene, adv.well; successfully
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
exprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress out
tālis, -esuch
epistula, -ae f.letter
pār, parisequal
grātia, -ae, f.favor; gratitude, thanks; plur., thanks; grātiās agere, to give thanks, thank; grātiam referre, to return a favor, show gratitude, requite
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
num, adv., introducing a question to which a negative answer is expecteduntranslatable
mūnicipium, -ī n.municipium, a self-governing Italian town with Roman citizenship
vester, -tra, -trumyour
sodālis, -is m.companion, crony
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
lūctuōsus, -a, -ummournful, causing grief
circulātor, -ōris m.street performer, peddler; one who goes about reading aloud
forum, -ī n.market place, public square
scīlicet, adv.of course, naturally, evidently
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
enim, conj.for
ineptus, -a, -umfoolish, absurd, out of place
rīsus, -ūs m.laughter
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
gemitus, -ūs m.groan, sigh
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
sed, conj.but
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae IV. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.