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Pliny · Epistulae IV

Pliny, Letter 4.13

Founding a school at Comum

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Ep. 4.13.1Salvum in urbem vēnisse gaudeō;I am glad you have arrived safely in the city; Ep. 4.13.1vēnistī autem, sī quandō aliās, nunc maximē mihi dēsīderātus.and you have come, now more than ever before, very much missed by me. Ep. 4.13.1Ipse pauculīs adhūc diēbus in Tusculānō commorābor, ut opusculum quod est in manibus absolvam.I myself shall stay a few more days at my Tusculan villa, to finish the little work I have in hand. Ep. 4.13.2Vereor enim nē, sī hanc intentiōnem iam in fīne laxāverō, aegrē resūmam.For I fear that, if I relax this concentration now, at the end, I shall find it hard to take it up again. Ep. 4.13.2Interim nē quid festīnātiōnī meae pereat, quod sum praesēns Petītūrus, hāc quasi praecursōriā epistulā rogō.Meanwhile, so that my haste may lose nothing, what I am going to ask of you in person I ask in this letter, sent ahead as a kind of forerunner. Ep. 4.13.2Sed prius accipe causās rogandī, deinde ipsum quod petō.But first hear the reasons for my request, and then what I am asking.

Ep. 4.13.3Proximē cum in patriā meā fuī, vēnit ad mē salūtandum mūnicipis meī fīlius praetextātus.When I was recently in my home town, the son of a fellow townsman, still wearing the boy's toga, came to pay his respects to me. Ep. 4.13.3Huic ego "Studēs?"And I to him: 'Are you studying?' Ep. 4.13.3inquam.I said. Ep. 4.13.3Respondit: "Etiam."He answered: 'Yes.' Ep. 4.13.3"Ubi?"'Where?' Ep. 4.13.3"Mediolānī."'At Milan.' Ep. 4.13.3"Cūr nōn hīc?"'Why not here?' Ep. 4.13.3Et pater eius - erat enim ūnā atque etiam ipse addūxerat puerum -: "Quia nūllōs hīc praeceptōrēs habēmus."And his father — for he was with him, and had in fact brought the boy himself — said: 'Because we have no teachers here.' Ep. 4.13.4"Quārē nūllōs?'Why none? Ep. 4.13.4Nam vehementer intererat vestrā, quī patrēs estis" - et opportūnē complūrēs patrēs audiēbant - "līberōs vestrōs hīc potissimum discere.For it would be very much in your interest, you who are fathers' — and, conveniently, several fathers were listening — 'that your children should study here above all. Ep. 4.13.4Ubi enim aut iūcundius morārentur quam in patriā aut pudīcius continērentur quam sub oculīs parentum aut minōre sūmptū quam domī?For where could they stay more pleasantly than in their home town, or be kept more decently than under their parents' eyes, or at less expense than at home?

Ep. 4.13.5Quantulum est ergō collātā pecūniā condūcere praeceptōrēs, quodque nunc in habitātiōnēs, in viātica, in ea quae peregrē emuntur - omnia autem peregrē emuntur - impenditis, adicere mercēdibus?How small a matter is it, then, to put money together and hire teachers, and to add to their salaries what you now spend on lodgings, on travel, on the things that are bought away from home — and everything is bought away from home? Ep. 4.13.5Atque adeō ego, quī nōndum līberōs habeō, parātus sum prō rē pūblicā nostrā, quasi prō fīlia vel parente, tertiam partem eius quod cōnferre vōbīs placēbit dare.Indeed I, who have no children yet, am ready, on behalf of our community, as if for a daughter or a parent, to give a third of whatever you decide to contribute. Ep. 4.13.6Tōtum etiam pollicērer, nisi timērem nē hoc mūnus meum quandōque ambitū corrumperētur, ut accidere multīs in locīs videō, in quibus praeceptōrēs pūblicē condūcuntur.I would even promise the whole, were I not afraid that this gift of mine might some day be corrupted by favour-seeking, as I see happen in many places where teachers are hired at public expense.

Ep. 4.13.7Huic vitiō occurrī ūnō remediō potest, sī parentibus sōlīs iūs condūcendī relinquātur, īsdemque religiō rēctē iūdicandī necessitāte collātiōnis addātur.This fault can be met by one remedy: if the right of hiring is left to the parents alone, and the obligation to contribute adds to them a scruple about choosing rightly. Ep. 4.13.8Nam quī fortasse dē aliēnō neglegentēs, certē dē suō dīligentēs erunt dabuntque operam, nē ā mē pecūniam nōn nisi dignus accipiat, sī acceptūrus et ab ipsīs erit.For those who might perhaps be careless with another's money will certainly be careful with their own, and will take pains that no one unworthy receives money from me, if he is also to receive it from them. Ep. 4.13.9Proinde cōnsentīte cōnspīrāte maiōremque animum ex meō sūmite, quī cupiō esse quam plūrimum, quod dēbeam cōnferre.So agree, act together, and take greater spirit from mine; for I want what I shall have to contribute to be as large as possible. Ep. 4.13.9Nihil honestius praestāre līberīs vestrīs, nihil grātius patriae potestis.You can give nothing more honourable to your children, nothing more welcome to your home town.

Ep. 4.13.9Ēducentur hīc quī hīc nāscuntur, statimque ab īnfantiā nātāle sōlum amāre frequentāre cōnsuēscant.Let those who are born here be brought up here, and from earliest childhood grow used to loving and frequenting their native soil. Ep. 4.13.9Atque utinam tam clārōs praeceptōrēs indūcātis, ut in fīnitimīs oppidīs studia hinc petantur, utque nunc līberī vestrī aliēna in loca ita mox aliēnī in hunc locum cōnfluant!"And I only wish you may bring in teachers so famous that the neighbouring towns come here for their education, and that, as your children now flock to other places, so others' children may soon flock to this place!' Ep. 4.13.10Haec putāvī altius et quasi ā fonte repetenda, quō magis scīrēs, quam grātum mihi foret sī susciperēs quod iniungō.I thought I should go back over this at some length, and as if from the source, so that you might know better how welcome it would be to me if you undertook what I am charging you with. Ep. 4.13.10Iniungō autem et prō reī magnitūdine rogō, ut ex cōpiā studiōsōrum, quae ad tē ex admīrātiōne ingeniī tuī convenit, circumspiciās praeceptōrēs, quōs sollicitāre possīmus, sub eā tamen condiciōne nē cui fidem meam obstringam.I charge you, and, in view of the importance of the matter, I ask you, to look about among the crowd of students who gather round you out of admiration for your talent for teachers whom we might approach, but on this condition, that I bind myself by a promise to no one.

Ep. 4.13.10Omnia enim lībera parentibus servō: illī iūdicent illī ēligant, ego mihi cūram tantum et impendium vindicō.For I leave everything free for the parents: let them judge, let them choose; I claim for myself only the care and the expense. Ep. 4.13.11Proinde sī quis fuerit repertus, quī ingeniō suō fīdat, eat illūc eā lēge ut hinc nihil aliud certum quam fīdūciam suam ferat.So if anyone is found who trusts in his own talent, let him go there on the understanding that he takes nothing certain from here except his own self-confidence. Ep. 4.13.11Valē.Farewell.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, purpose clauses ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×5, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (241 words)
salvus, -a, -umsafe, unharmed
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
urbs, urbis, f.city
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
sī, conj.if
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
aliās (adv.)at another time (aliās … aliās: sometimes … sometimes)
nunc, adv.now
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
pauculus, -a, -umvery few, just a few
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
Tusculānus, -a, -umof Tusculum, the Latin town on the hills south-east of Rome
commoror, -morārī, -morātustarry, linger, delay, stay
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
opusculum, -ī n.little work, short piece of writing
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
manus, -ūs, f.hand
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
enim, conj.for
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
intentiō, -ōnis f.close attention, concentration, effort
iam, adv.now, already
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
laxō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumloosen, open out
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
resūmō, -ere, -sūmpsī, -sūmptustake up again, resume; recover
interim (adv.)meanwhile
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
festīnātiō, -ōnis f.haste, hurry
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
pereō, -īre, -ii, -itūruspass away, perish
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
quasi, conj.as if
praecursōrius, -a, -umsent in advance, preliminary
epistula, -ae f.letter
rogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask
sed, conj.but
prius, adv.before, first
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
deinde, adv.then, next
proximē (adv.)most recently; nearest
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
salūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgreet; pay a morning call on
mūniceps, -cipis m.citizen of a municipium, townsman
fīlius, -ī, m.son
praetextātus, -a, -umwearing the toga praetexta, the purple-bordered toga of boys; still a boy
studeō, -ēre, -uībe eager, give attention, apply oneself
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
cūr, adv.why
nōn, adv.not
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
pater, patris, m.father
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ūnātogether, along
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
puer, puerī, m.boy
quia (conj.)because
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
praeceptor, -ōris m.teacher, instructor
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
quārē (adv.)why; for which reason
nam, conj.for
vehementer, adv.violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly
intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrusbe or lie between
vester, -tra, -trumyour
opportūnē (adv.)at the right moment, conveniently
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
līberī, -ōrum, m. plur.children
potissimum (adv.)above all, in preference to all others
discō, discere, didicīlearn
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
iūcundē (adv.)pleasantly, agreeably, delightfully
moror, -ārī, -ātusdelay, linger, stay
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
pudīcē (adv.)modestly, chastely
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
oculus, -ī, m.eye
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
quantulus, -a, -umhow small, how little
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
condūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductumbring together, assemble
habitātiō, -ōnis f.dwelling, place where one lives
viāticum, -ī n.travel money, provisions for a journey; savings
peregrē (adv.)abroad; peregrē proficīscī, go abroad
emō, -ere, ēmī, ēmptumbuy
omnis, -eall, every
impendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusspend, devote (time, money, effort)
adiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow to, throw, hurl
mercēs, mercēdis, f.pay, reward, wages
adeō (adv.)so far, to such a degree; so
nōndum, adv.not yet
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
noster, -tra, -trumour
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
velor; vel … vel: either … or
tertius, -a, -umthird
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
vōsplur. of tū
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
nisi, conj.if not, unless
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
quandōque (conj.)whenever
ambitus, -ūs m.canvassing for office; bribery at elections (lēgēs ambitus: the bribery laws)
corrumpō, -rumpere, -rūpī, -ruptusspoil, ruin, destroy; bribe
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
pūblicē (adv.)officially, as a state
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
occurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun against, meet
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
remedium, -ī, n.remedy
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sōlus, -a, -umalone
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
que, enclitic conj.and
religiō, -ōnis f.religious scruple, religious duty
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
collātiō, -ōnis f.bringing together; comparison
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
fortasse (adv.)perhaps
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
aliēnus, -a, -umbelonging to another, out of place
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dīligēns, -entiscareful, attentive, conscientious
opera, -ae, f.effort, work, labor
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
proinde (adv.)therefore, accordingly; so then
cōnsentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsumagree; act together
cōnspīrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumagree, plot together
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
ēducō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring up, rear, raise (children)
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
statim, adv.on the spot, forthwith, at once, immediately
īnfantia, -ae f.infancy, early childhood
nātālis, -eof birth (diēs nātālis: birthday)
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
amō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslove
frequentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusvisit often; crowd, fill
cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont
utinam (adv.)if only, would that (with subjunctive)
tam, adv.so
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
indūcō, -dūcere, dūxī, -ductuslead in or on, move, excite
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
oppidum, -ī, n.town
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
mox, adv.soon
cōnfluō, -ere, -flūxīflow together; flock together, gather
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
altē (adv.)high; deep
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
repetō, -ere, -petīvī, -petītumdemand back; seek again
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
iniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to; impose, inflict
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
studiōsus, -a, -umeager, diligent, studious
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
admīrātiō, -ōnis f.wonder, admiration
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
circumspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectuslook around; look around for, consider
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
condiciō, -ōnis f.terms; condition, status
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
obstringō, -ere, -strīnxī, -strictumbind, put under obligation
līber, lībera, līberumfree
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
impendium, -ī n.expense, outlay, cost
vindicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpunish; claim
reperiō, reperīre, repperī, repertusfind, discover
fīdō, -ere, fīsus sumtrust, rely on (+ dat. or abl.); fīdēns, confident, bold
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
illūc (adv.)to that place, there
lēx, lēgis f.law
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
valeō, -ēre, -uī, -itūrusbe strong or effectual, have effect, prevail
Pliny, Epistulae IV. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.