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Pliny · Epistulae X

Pliny, Letter 10.41

A canal from lake to sea

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Ep. 10.41.1Intuentī mihi et fortūnae tuae et animī magnitūdinem conuenientissimum uidētur dēmōnstrārī opera nōn minus aeternitāte tuā quam glōriā digna, quantumque pulchritūdinis tantum ūtilitātis habitūra.As I contemplate the greatness both of your fortune and of your mind, it seems most fitting that works should be pointed out to you worthy no less of your immortality than of your glory, works that will have as much usefulness as beauty. Ep. 10.41.2Est in Nīcomēdēnsium fīnibus amplissimus lacus.In the territory of Nicomedia there is a very large lake. Ep. 10.41.2Per hunc marmora frūctūs ligna māteriae et sūmptū modicō et labōre ūsque ad uiam nāuibus, inde magnō labōre maiōre impendiō uehiculīs ad mare dēuehuntur ...Across it marble, produce, firewood and timber are carried by boat with little expense and labour as far as the road, but from there by carriage to the sea with great labour and greater expense ... Ep. 10.41.2hoc opus multās manūs poscit.this work requires many hands. Ep. 10.41.2At eae porrō nōn dēsunt.But these, in turn, are not lacking. Ep. 10.41.2Nam et in agrīs magna cōpia est hominum et maxima in cīvitāte, certaque spēs omnēs libentissimē aggressūrōs opus omnibus frūctuōsum.For there is a great abundance of people in the countryside and a very great one in the city, and a sure hope that all will most gladly take on a work profitable to all.

Ep. 10.41.3Superest ut tū lībrātōrem vel architectum sī tibi vidēbitur mittās, quī dīligenter explōret, sitne lacus altior marī, quem artificēs regiōnis huius quadrāgintā cubitīs altiōrem esse contendunt.It remains for you to send a leveller or an architect, if you see fit, to investigate carefully whether the lake is higher than the sea, which the experts of this region maintain is higher by forty cubits. Ep. 10.41.4Ego per eadem loca inveniō fossam ā rēge percussam, sed incertum utrum ad colligendum ūmōrem circumiacentium agrōrum an ad committendum flūminī lacum;In the same area I find a canal dug by a king, but it is uncertain whether it was to collect the moisture of the surrounding fields or to connect the lake to the river; Ep. 10.41.4est enim imperfecta.for it is unfinished. Ep. 10.41.4Hoc quoque dubium, interceptō rēge mortālitāte an dēspērātō operis effectū.This too is doubtful: whether the king was cut off by death or gave up hope of completing the work. Ep. 10.41.5Sed hōc ipsō - ferēs enim mē ambitiōsum prō tuā glōriā - incitor et accendor, ut cupiam peragī ā tē quae tantum coeperant rēgēs.But by this very fact — for you will bear with my ambition for your glory — I am spurred and fired to wish that what kings had only begun should be completed by you.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×2, indirect statement ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×2, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (116 words)
intueor, -tuērī, -tuituslook upon, behold
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
conveniēns, -entisfitting, suitable, consistent
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
dēmōnstrō, -mōnstrāre, -mōnstrāvī, -mōnstrātuspoint out, show; make known
opus, operis, n.work, task
nōn, adv.not
minus, comp. adv.less
aeternitās, -ātis f.eternity; lasting fame
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
glōria, -ae, f.glory
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
que, enclitic conj.and
pulchritūdō, -inis f.beauty
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
ūtilitās, -ātis f.usefulness, advantage
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
amplus, -a, -umlarge, great; distinguished
lacus, -ūs, m.lake
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
marmor, -oris n.marble; a marble statue
frūctus, -ūs, m.enjoyment; fruit
lignum, -ī, n.wood
māteria, -ae f.timber, material
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
modicus, -a, -ummoderate, small; modicum: a little
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
via, -ae, f.road, way
nāvis, -is, f.ship
inde (adv.)from there; then
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
impendium, -ī n.expense, outlay, cost
vehiculum, -ī n.vehicle, carriage
mare, maris, n.sea
dēvehō, -ere, dēvēxī, dēvectumcarry down, carry off
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
manus, -ūs, f.hand
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
at, conj.but
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
porrō (adv.)further on; moreover
dēsum, deesse, dēfuībe lacking, fail
nam, conj.for
ager, agri, m.field, land
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
homō, hominis, m.man
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
spēs, speī, f.hope
omnis, -eall, every
libenter, adv.willingly, gladly
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
frūctuōsus, -a, -umfruitful, productive
supersum, -esse, -fuībe over or left, remain
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
lībrātor, -ōris m.leveller, surveyor (of water levels)
velor; vel … vel: either … or
architectus, -ī m.architect, master builder; designer
sī, conj.if
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dīligenter, adv.carefully, diligently
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
artifex, -icis m.artist, craftsman; scaenicus artifex: actor
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
quadrāgintā (indecl.)forty
cubitum, -ī n.cubit, a measure of length (elbow to fingertip, about half a metre)
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
fossa, -ae, f.ditch, trench
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
rēx, rēgis, m.king
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussusstrike through, strike
sed, conj.but
incertus, -a, -umuncertain, unreliable
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
colligō, -ere, -lēgī, -lēctumgather, collect (sē colligere: recover oneself)
ūmor (hūmor), -ōris m.moisture, liquid, water
circumiaceō, -ērelie round about, be situated around
an, conj.or (in questions)
committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle
flūmen, -minis, n.river
enim, conj.for
imperfectus, -a, -umunfinished, not done
quoque, adv.also
dubius, -a, -umdoubtful, uncertain
intercipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptumintercept, catch
mortālitās, -ātis f.mortality; the human race, mankind
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
effectus, -ūs m.result, accomplishment, success
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
ambitiōsus, -a, -umeager for office or popularity, ambitious
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
incitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, provoke
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
Pliny, Epistulae X. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.