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Pliny · Epistulae X

Pliny, Letter 10.39

Troubled building works at Nicaea and Claudiopolis

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Ep. 10.39.1Theātrum, domine, Nīcaeae maximā iam parte cōnstrūctum, imperfectum tamen, sēstertium - ut audiō;The theatre at Nicaea, my lord, already for the most part built but still unfinished, has swallowed up, in sesterces — so I hear; Ep. 10.39.1neque enim ratiō operis excussa est - amplius centiēs hausit: vereor nē frūstrā.for the accounts of the work have not been examined — more than ten million: I fear to no purpose. Ep. 10.39.2Ingentibus enim rīmīs dēsēdit et hiat, sīve in causā sōlum ūmidum et molle, sīc lapis ipse gracilis et putris: dignum est certē dēlīberātiōne, sitne faciendum an sit relinquendum an etiam dēstruendum.For it has subsided and gapes with huge cracks, whether the cause is the damp, soft soil or the stone itself, which is thin and crumbly: it certainly deserves consideration whether it should be completed, or abandoned, or even demolished. Ep. 10.39.2Nam fultūrae ac substrūctiōnēs, quibus subinde suscipitur, nōn tam firmae mihi quam sūmptuōsaeuidentur uidentur.For the props and substructures by which it is shored up from time to time seem to me not so much solid as costly. Ep. 10.39.3Huic theātrō ex prīuātōrum pollicitātiōnibus multa dēbentur, ut basilicae circā, ut porticūs suprā caveam.Much is owed to this theatre from the promises of private persons, such as basilicas around it and a colonnade above the auditorium.

Ep. 10.39.3Quae nunc omnia differuntur cessante eō, quod ante peragendum est.All of these are now postponed, since the work that must be completed first is at a standstill. Ep. 10.39.4Iīdem Nīcaeēnsēs gymnasium incendiō āmissum ante aduentum meum restituere coepērunt, longē numerōsius laxiusque quam fuerat, et iam aliquantum ērogāuērunt;The same people of Nicaea began, before my arrival, to restore their gymnasium, which had been lost in a fire, on a far more extensive and spacious scale than before, and they have already spent a good deal; Ep. 10.39.4perīculum est, nē parum ūtiliter;there is a danger that it has been to little purpose; Ep. 10.39.4incompositum enim et sparsum est.for it is ill-planned and straggling. Ep. 10.39.4Praetereā architectus, sānē aemulus eius ā quō opus incohātum est, adfirmat parietēs quamquam uīgintī et duōs pedēs lātōs imposita onera sustinēre nōn posse, quia sunt caementō mediī fartī nec testāceō opere praecīnctī.Moreover, an architect — admittedly a rival of the one by whom the work was begun — asserts that the walls, although twenty-two feet thick, cannot bear the loads placed on them, because they are filled with rubble in the middle and not faced with brickwork.

Ep. 10.39.5Claudiopolītānī quoque in dēpressō locō, imminente etiam monte ingēns balineum dēfodiunt magis quam aedificant, et quidem ex eā pecūniā, quam būleutae additī beneficiō tuō aut iam obtulērunt ob introitum aut nōbīs exigentibus cōnferent.The people of Claudiopolis too are excavating rather than building a huge bath in a low-lying spot, with a mountain overhanging it, and indeed with the money which the councillors added by your kindness have either already offered for their admission or will contribute at our demand. Ep. 10.39.6Ergō cum timeam nē illīc pūblica pecūnia, hīc, quod est omnī pecūniā pretiōsius, mūnus tuum male collocētur, cōgor petere ā tē nōn sōlum ob theātrum, uērum etiam ob haec balinea mittās architectum, dispectūrum utrum sit ūtilius post sūmptum quī factus est quōquō modō cōnsummāre opera?So, since I fear that in the one place public money, and in the other your gift, which is more precious than any money, may be badly invested, I am compelled to ask you to send an architect not only for the theatre but also for these baths, to consider whether it is more useful, after the expense that has been incurred, to complete the works somehow or other, Ep. 10.39.6ut incohāta sunt, an quae uidentur ēmendanda corrigere, quae trānsferenda trānsferre, nē dum servāre uolumus quod impēnsum est, male impendāmus quod addendum est.as they were begun, or to correct what seems to need emending and move what needs moving, lest, while we wish to preserve what has been spent, we spend badly what must be added.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×7, ablative absolute ×2, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (173 words)
theātrum, -ī n.theatre
dominus, -ī m.master, owner
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
iam, adv.now, already
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
cōnstruō, -ere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild, construct
imperfectus, -a, -umunfinished, not done
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
sēstertius, -ī m. (gen. pl. often sēstertium)a sesterce, a small silver (later brass) coin
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
enim, conj.for
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
opus, operis, n.work, task
excutiō, -ere, -cussī, -cussusshake off, shake out
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
amplius (adv.)more, further
centiēs (adv.)a hundred times
hauriō, haurīre, hausī, haustusdraw
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
frūstrā, adv.in vain
ingēns, -gentis, adj.huge, vast
rīma, -ae f.crack, chink, fissure
dēsīdō, -ere, -sēdīsink down, settle; decline
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
hiō, -āre, -āvīgape, open the mouth
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
ūmidus, -a, -umwet, damp, moist
mollis, -esoft, weak
sīc, adv.so, thus
lapis, -idis, m.stone
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
gracilis, -eslender, thin, fine
puter, putris, putrerotten, decaying; crumbling, loose (soil)
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
dēlīberātiō, -ōnis f.weighing up, deliberation
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
an, conj.or (in questions)
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
dēstruō, -ere, -strūxī, -strūctuspull down, demolish
nam, conj.for
fultūra, -ae f.prop, support; nourishment, sustenance
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
substrūctiō, -ōnis f.substructure, foundation
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
subinde (adv.)immediately after; repeatedly, from time to time
suscipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptusundertake
nōn, adv.not
tam, adv.so
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
sūmptuōsus, -a, -umcostly, lavish
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
prīvātus, -a, -umprivate
pollicitātiō, -ōnis f.promise
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
basilica, -ae f.a basilica, a public hall for courts and business
circā (adv. and prep. + acc.)around, about
porticus, -ūs f.colonnade, covered walk
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
cavea, -ae f.seating area of a theatre; the spectators; cage, enclosure
nunc, adv.now
omnis, -eall, every
differō, differre, distulī, dīlātumdiffer; scatter, put off
cessō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstop, cease, rest; be idle
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
gymnasium, -ī n.gymnasium, a Greek exercise ground and meeting place
incendium, -ī n.fire, burning
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset up again, put back, restore
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
longē, adv.far
numerōsē (adv.)in great number; (comp.) numerōsius: more extensively
laxē (adv.)loosely, widely; freely, without restraint
que, enclitic conj.and
aliquantum, -quantī, n.somewhat
ērogō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspay out, spend
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
ūtiliter (adv.)usefully, profitably, to advantage
incompositus, -a, -umdisordered, irregular; rough, artless
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
architectus, -ī m.architect, master builder; designer
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
aemulus, -a, -umrivalling; (as noun) a rival
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
incohō (inchoō), -āre, -āvī, -ātusbegin, start
affirmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusassert, declare firmly
pariēs, -etis m.wall (of a house)
quamquam, conj.however much, although
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
pēs, pedis, m.foot
lātus, -a, -umbroad, wide
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
onus, oneris n.load, weight
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
quia (conj.)because
caementum, -ī n.rough stone for building; mortar
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
farciō, -īre, farsī, fartusstuff, cram, fill
testāceus, -a, -umof brick or tile; opus testāceum: brickwork
praecingō, -ere, -cīnxī, -cīnctusgird, put a belt or cloth round; sē praecingere: tie a cloth round oneself
quoque, adv.also
dēpressus, -a, -umlow-lying, sunken
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
immineō, -ērehang over; threaten, be close at hand
mōns, montis, m.mountain
balineum (balneum), -ī n.bath, bathroom
dēfodiō, -ere, -fōdī, -fossusdig down; bury, hide in the ground
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
aedificō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake a building, build
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
būleuta, -ae m.councillor, member of a Greek city council
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
introitus, -ūs, m.entrance
nōsplur. of ego
exigō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumdrive out; finish, spend (a season)
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
ergō (adv.)therefore, then; quid ergō? what then?
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
illīc (adv.)there
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
pretiōsus, -a, -umcostly, precious
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
male, adv.badly, ill
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
dispiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectussee clearly, discern
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
sūmptus, -ūs m.expense
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
cōnsummō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbring to completion, finish
ēmendō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscorrect, make good, remove faults
corrigō, -rigere, -rēxī, -rēctusstraighten, set right, reform
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
volō, velle, voluīwish
impendō, -ere, -pendī, -pēnsusspend, devote (time, money, effort)
Pliny, Epistulae X. Latin text: the Perseus digital text of Pliny's Letters, public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.