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Ovid · Metamorphoses XV

Metamorphoses 15.1–59

The founding of Croton

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Met. 15.1Quaeritur intereā quis tantae pondera mōlis
sustineat tantōque queat succēdere rēgī:
dēstinat imperiō clārum praenūntia vērī
fāma Numam;
Meanwhile the question is asked who could bear the weight of so great a burden and be able to succeed so great a king: Fame, the herald of truth, marks out illustrious Numa for the throne;
Met. 15.4nōn ille satis cognōsse Sabīnae
5gentis habet rītūs: animō maiōra capācī
concipit et, quae sit rērum nātūra, requīrit.
he does not think it enough to have learned the rites of the Sabine people: in his capacious mind he conceives greater things and inquires what the nature of the universe is.
Met. 15.7Huius amor cūrae, patriā Curibusque relictīs,
fēcit ut Herculeī penetrāret ad hospitis urbem.
Love of this pursuit made him leave his homeland and Cures and make his way to the city of Hercules' host.
Met. 15.9Grāia quis Italicīs auctor posuisset in ōrīs
10moenia, quaerentī sīc ē seniōribus ūnus
rettulit indigenīs, veteris nōn īnscius aevī:
"Dīves ab Oceanō būbus Iove nātus Hibērīs
lītora fēlīcī tenuisse Lacīnia cursū
fertur et, armentō tenerās errante per herbās,
15ipse domum magnī nec inhospita tēcta Crotōnis
intrāsse et requiē longum relevāsse labōrem
atque ita discēdēns "aevō" dīxisse "nepōtum
hic locus urbis erit";
When he asked what founder had set Greek walls on Italian shores, one of the older natives, not ignorant of the ancient past, answered him thus: 'The son of Jupiter, rich with the Iberian cattle from Ocean, is said to have reached the Lacinian shores after a fortunate voyage, and, while his herd wandered through the tender grass, to have himself entered the house of great Croton, a roof not inhospitable, and relieved his long toil with rest, and as he left to have said: "In the age of your grandsons this will be the site of a city";
Met. 15.18prōmissaque vēra fuērunt.and the promise proved true.

Met. 15.19Nam fuit Argolicō generātus Alemone quīdam
20Myscelos, illīus dīs acceptissimus aevī.
For there was a certain Myscelos, born of Argive Alemon, the man most favoured by the gods in that age.
Met. 15.21Hunc super incumbēns pressum gravitāte sopōris
clāviger adloquitur: "Lapidōsās Aesaris undās
ī, pete dīversī!
Leaning over him as he lay weighed down by heavy sleep, the club-bearer addresses him: "Go, seek the stony waters of the far-off Aesar!
Met. 15.23Patriās, age, dēsere sēdēs!"Come, abandon your ancestral home!" Met. 15.24et, nisi pāruerit multa ac metuenda minātur;and he threatens many fearful things if he does not obey; Met. 15.25post ea discēdunt pariter somnusque deusque.after that, sleep and the god depart together. Met. 15.26Surgit Alemonidēs tacitāque recentia mente
vīsa refert, pugnatque diū sententia sēcum:
nūmen abīre iubet, prohibent discēdere lēgēs,
poenaque mors posita est patriam mūtāre volentī.
The son of Alemon rises and turns over the fresh vision in his silent mind, and his judgement long struggles with itself: the deity bids him go, the laws forbid him to leave, and death is fixed as the penalty for one who wishes to change his country.

Met. 15.30Candidus Oceanō nitidum caput abdiderat Sōl,
et caput extulerat dēnsissima sīdereum Nox:
vīsus adesse īdem deus est eademque monēre
et, nisi pāruerit, plūra et graviōra minārī.
Gleaming Sol had hidden his shining head in Ocean, and darkest Night had raised her starry head: the same god seemed to be present, to give the same warning, and to threaten more and heavier things if he did not obey.
Met. 15.34Pertimuit patriumque simul trānsferre parābat
35in sēdēs penetrāle novās: fit murmur in urbe,
sprētārumque agitur lēgum reus;
He was terrified, and was at once preparing to move his ancestral household gods to a new home: a murmur arises in the city, and he is put on trial for scorning the laws;
Met. 15.36utque perācta est
causa prior crīmenque patēns sine teste probātum,
squālidus ad superōs tollēns reus ōra manūsque
"ō cui iūs caelī bis sex fēcēre labōrēs,
40fer, precor" inquit, "opem!
and when the prosecution had been completed and the charge proved plain without a witness, the accused, unkempt, raising his face and hands to the gods above, said: "O you to whom twice six labours gave a right to heaven, bring help, I pray!

Met. 15.40nam tū mihi crīminis auctor."For you are the cause of my crime." Met. 15.41Mōs erat antīquus niveīs ātrīsque lapillīs,
hīs damnāre reōs, illīs absolvere culpā;
There was an ancient custom of using white and black pebbles, condemning the accused with the black, acquitting them of guilt with the white;
Met. 15.43tunc quoque sīc lāta est sententia trīstis, et omnis
calculus inmītem dēmittitur āter in urnam.
then too the grim verdict was cast in this way, and every pebble dropped into the pitiless urn was black.
Met. 15.45Quae simul effūdit numerandōs versa lapillōs,
omnibus ē nigrō color est mūtātus in album,
candidaque Herculeō sententia nūmine facta
solvit Alemonidēn.
As soon as the urn, turned over, poured out the pebbles to be counted, the colour of all had changed from black to white, and the verdict, made white by the power of Hercules, set the son of Alemon free.
Met. 15.48Grātēs agit ille parentī
Amphitryōniadae, ventīsque faventibus aequor
50nāvigat Īonium, Sallentīnumque Neretum
praeterit et Sybarin Crimisēnque et Iāpygis arva;
He gives thanks to his patron, the son of Amphitryon, and with favouring winds sails the Ionian sea, passes Sallentine Neretum, and Sybaris, and Crimisa, and the fields of Iapyx;
Met. 15.53vixque pererrātīs, quae spectant lītora, terrīs,
invēnit Aesareī fātālia flūminis ōra
55nec procul hinc tumulum, sub quō sacrāta Crotōnis
ossa tegēbat humus, iussaque ibi moenia terrā
condidit et nōmen tumulātī trāxit in urbem."
and when he had barely travelled along the lands that face these shores, he finds the fated mouth of the river Aesar, and not far from there a mound beneath which the earth covered the hallowed bones of Croton; and there, in the land he had been commanded, he founded walls and gave the city the name of the man buried there.'
Met. 15.58Tālia cōnstābat certā prīmordia fāmā
esse locī positaeque Ītalīs in fīnibus urbis.
Such, by sure and agreed tradition, were the beginnings of the place and of the city set within Italian borders.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×3, indirect statement ×6, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (253 words)
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
pondus, ponderis, n.weight
mōlēs, -is f.mass; dam, breakwater
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
que, enclitic conj.and
queō, -īre, -īvī (-iī)be able, can
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
rēx, rēgis, m.king
dēstinō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfasten, make fast
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
praenūntius, -a, -umforetelling, giving warning of (+ gen.)
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
nōn, adv.not
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
Sabīnus, -a, -umSabine
gēns, gentis, f.race, nation
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
rītus, -ūs m.rite, ceremony; custom, manner
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
capāx, -ācisroomy, spacious; capable (of: gen.)
concipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake in, conceive; plan, imagine
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
amor, -ōris, m.love
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
Herculeus, -a, -umof Hercules
penetrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake one's way into, penetrate, reach
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hospes, hospitis m.guest; host; guest-friend
urbs, urbis, f.city
Grāius, -a, -umGreek; saltus Graius: the Graian (Little St Bernard) pass in the Alps
Italicus, -a, -umItalian; bellum Italicum: the Social War of 91–88 BC between Rome and its Italian allies
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
sīc, adv.so, thus
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
senior, -ōris m.elder; seniores: the elders (of the people)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
indigena, -ae m./f.native (of a place); as adj. native-born
vetus, veterisold, former
īnscius, -a, -umnot knowing, unaware
aevum, -ī n.age, lifetime; old age
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
bōs, bovis, gen. plur. boum, dat. and abl. plur. bōbus, m. and f.ox, bull, cow
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
lītus, lītoris, n.shore
fēlīx, -īcisfortunate, lucky, happy
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
Lacīnius, -a, -umof Lacinium, cape near Croton with a temple of Juno
cursus, -ūs, m.running, speed; course, route, voyage; race
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
armentum, -ī n.herd (of cattle)
tener, -era, -erumyoung, tender
errō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander, stray; be mistaken
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
herba, -ae, f.herb, plant
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
inhospitus, -a, -uminhospitable
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
intrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusgo within or into, enter
requiēs, -ētis f.rest, repose
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
relevō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslift up; lighten, relieve
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
nepōs, nepōtis, m.grandson
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
prōmissum, -ī n.promise
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
nam, conj.for
Argolicus, -a, -umof Argolis (the district of Greece in which Tiryns was situated), Argolic
generō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbeget, produce
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
deus, -ī, m.god
acceptus, -a, -um (+ dat.)welcome, popular (with)
super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.)over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning
incumbō, -ere, -cubuī, -cubitumlean on; throw oneself into, devote oneself to
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
sopor, -ōris m.deep sleep
clāviger, -gera, -gerumkey-bearing (of Janus); club-bearing (of Hercules)
alloquor (adloquor), -loquī, -locūtus sumspeak to, address
lapidōsus, -a, -umstony; hard as stone, gritty
unda, -ae, f.wave
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dīversus, -a, -umturned different ways, opposite, contrary, different
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
dēserō, -serere, -seruī, -sertusdesert
sēdēs, -is, f.seat, abode
nisi, conj.if not, unless
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
minor, -ārī, -ātus sumthreaten (someone: dat.; with something: abl.)
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
surgō, -ere, surrēxī, surrēctusrise, get up, stand up
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
vīsum, -ī n.a sight, vision, appearance
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
diū, adv.for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
nūmen, -inis n.divine power, divinity
abeō, -īre, -iī, -itūrusgo away, depart
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
lēx, lēgis f.law
poena, -ae, f.penalty, punishment
mors, mortīs, f.death
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
volō, velle, voluīwish
candidus, -a, -umshining white, bright
nitidus, -a, -umshining, sleek, well-groomed
caput, capitis, n.head
abdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput away, hide
sōl, sōlis, m.sun
efferō, -ferre, extulī, ēlātumcarry out, bring out
dēnsus, -a, -umthick
sīdereus, -a, -umstarry; shining like the stars
nox, noctis, f.night
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
plūrēs, -a, plur. adj.more, many, several
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
pertimēscō, -ere, -timuībecome very afraid, dread
simul, adv.at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as
trānsferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātuscarry across, transfer
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
penetrāle, -is n.inner part (of a house); (pl.) the innermost rooms
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
murmur, -uris n.murmur, muttering
spernō, spernere, sprēvī, sprētusdespise, scorn
reus, -ī m.defendant, the accused
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
prior, priusearlier, former; in front (priōrēs: those in front)
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
sine, prep. with abl.without
testis, -is m./f.witness
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
squālidus, -a, -umrough, filthy, unkempt (as in mourning)
superī, -ōrum m. pl.the gods above
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
manus, -ūs, f.hand
ō (interj.)O! oh!
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
caelum, -ī, n.heaven, sky
bis (adv.)twice
sex (indecl.)six
precor, -ārī, -ātus sumpray, beg
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
antīquus, -a, -umancient
niveus, -a, -umsnowy, snow-white
āter, ātra, ātrumblack, dark; gloomy
lapillus, -ī m.pebble, small stone; gem
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
culpa, -ae f.fault, blame
tunc (adv.)then, at that time
quoque, adv.also
trīstis, -esad, gloomy
omnis, -eall, every
calculus, -ī m.pebble, stone; counter (for reckoning or voting); ad calculos vocare: reckon up exactly
immītis, -eharsh, pitiless
dēmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend down, let fall; animōs dēmittere, to lose courage
urna, -ae f.jar, urn
effundō, -fundere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour out
numerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscount, number; reckon, count as
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
niger, nigra, nigrumblack
color, -ōris, m.color
albus, -a, -umwhite
solvō, solvere, solvī, solūtusloosen, unbind, release; pay; with or without nāvem, cast off, set sail, put to sea
grātēs f. pl. (only nom. and acc.)thanks (to the gods); grātēs agere: give thanks
parēns, -entis m./f.parent
ventus, -ī, m.wind
faveō, -ēre, fāvī, fautum (+ dat.)favour, support
aequor, -oris n.level surface; the sea
nāvigō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussail
Īonius, -a, -umIonian; Īonium mare: the Ionian Sea
Sallentīnus, -a, -umof the Sallentini, in the heel of Italy
praetereō, -īre, -iī, -ituspass by
arvum, -ī n.ploughed field, field
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
pererrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswander through, roam over
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
Aesareus, -a, -umof the river Aesar
fātālis, -efated, destined; fatal, deadly
flūmen, -minis, n.river
procul, adv.at or from a distance, far
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
tumulus, -ī m.mound, hillock
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
sacrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsecrate, dedicate
tegō, tegere, tēxī, tēctuscover
humus, -ī f.ground, earth; humī: on the ground
ibi, adv.in that place, there
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
tumulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusbury, lay in a tomb
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
tālis, -esuch
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
prīmordium, -ī n.first beginning, origin
Ītalus, -a, -umItalian
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
Ovid, Metamorphoses XV. Latin text: H. Magnus, Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso (Gotha, 1892), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.