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Ovid · Metamorphoses XII

Metamorphoses 12.580–628

Death of Achilles; contest for arms

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Met. 12.580At deus, aequoreās quī cuspide temperat undās,
in volucrem corpus nātī Phaethontida versum
mente dolet patriā saevumque perōsus Achillem
exercet memorēs plūs quam cīvīliter īrās,
iamque ferē trāctō duo per quīnquennia bellō
585tālibus intōnsum conpellat Sminthea dictīs:
"Ō mihi dē frātris longē grātissime nātīs,
inrita quī mēcum posuistī moenia Troiae,
ecquid, ubi hās iamiam cāsūrās adspicis arcēs,
ingemis?
But the god who governs the waves of the sea with his trident grieves with a father's heart for his son's body turned into Phaethon's bird, and, hating savage Achilles, nurses a resentful anger beyond what is civil; and now, when the war had been waged for nearly twice five years, he addresses unshorn Smintheus with words like these: 'O dearest by far to me of my brother's sons, who with me set up the walls of Troy in vain, do you not groan at all when you see these citadels on the very point of falling?
Met. 12.589Aut ecquid tot dēfendentia mūrōs
590mīlia caesa dolēs?
Or do you grieve at all for the many thousands slain defending the walls?

Met. 12.590Ecquid, nē persequar omnēs,
Hectoris umbra subit circum sua Pergama trāctī?
Does the shade of Hector — not to go through them all — come into your mind, dragged around his own Pergamum?
Met. 12.592cum tamen ille ferōx bellōque cruentior ipsō
vīvit adhūc, operis nostrī populātor, Achillēs.
while that fierce man, bloodier than war itself, still lives, the destroyer of our work, Achilles.
Met. 12.594Det mihi sē!Let him give himself to me! Met. 12.594faxō, triplicī quid cuspide possim,
595sentiat;
I will make him feel what I can do with my triple spear;
Met. 12.595at quoniam concurrere comminus hostī
nōn datur, occultā necopīnum perde sagittā!"
but since it is not granted to meet the enemy face to face, destroy him unawares with a hidden arrow!'
Met. 12.597Adnuit atque animō pariter patruīque suōque
Dēlius indulgēns nebulā vēlātus in agmen
pervēnit Īliacum mediāque in caede virōrum
600rāra per ignōtōs spargentem cernit Achīvōs
tēla Parim fassusque deum "Quid spīcula perdis
sanguine plēbis?"
He nodded, and the Delian, indulging alike his uncle's feelings and his own, veiled in a cloud, reached the Trojan line, and in the midst of the slaughter of men sees Paris scattering his arrows sparsely among undistinguished Achaeans, and, declaring himself a god: 'Why do you waste your shafts on the blood of common folk?'
Met. 12.602ait.he says.

Met. 12.602"Sīqua est tibi cūra tuōrum,
vertere in Aeacidēn caesōsque ulcīscere frātrēs!"
'If you have any care for your own people, turn on the grandson of Aeacus and avenge your slain brothers!'
Met. 12.604Dīxit et ostendēns sternentem Trōica ferrō
605corpora Pēlīdēn, arcūs obvertit in illum
certaque lētiferā dīrēxit spīcula dextrā.
He spoke, and, pointing to the son of Peleus as he laid low Trojan bodies with the sword, he turned his bow towards him and guided the sure arrows with his deadly right hand.
Met. 12.607Quod Priamus gaudēre senex post Hectora posset,
hoc fuit: ille igitur tantōrum victor, Achille,
victus es ā timidō Grāiae raptōre marītae!
This was the one thing old Priam could rejoice in after Hector: so you, Achilles, conqueror of so many, have been conquered by the cowardly abductor of a Greek wife!
Met. 12.610At sī fēmineō fuerat tibi Mārte cadendum,
Thermōdontiacā mālles cecidisse bipennī!
But if you were fated to fall in a woman's warfare, you would rather have fallen by the Thermodontian axe!
Met. 12.612Iam timor ille Phrygum, decus et tūtēla Pelasgī
nōminis, Aeacidēs, caput īnsuperābile bellō,
ārserat: armārat deus īdem īdemque cremābat;
Now that terror of the Phrygians, the glory and defence of the Pelasgian name, the grandson of Aeacus, a head unconquerable in war, had burned: the same god had armed him and the same was burning him;
Met. 12.615iam cinis est, et dē tam magnō restat Achille
nesciō quid parvam, quod nōn bene conpleat urnam:
at vīvit tōtum quae glōria conpleat orbem!
now he is ash, and of Achilles, so great, there remains something or other that would scarcely fill a small urn: but his glory lives, which would fill the whole world!

Met. 12.618Haec illī mēnsūra virō respondet, et hāc est
pār sibi Pēlīdēs nec inānia Tartara sentit.
This measure answers to the man, and in this the son of Peleus is equal to himself and does not feel empty Tartarus.
Met. 12.620Ipse etiam, ut, cuius fuerit, cognōscere possēs
bella movet clipeus, dēque armīs arma feruntur.
His very shield too, so that you might know whose it had been, stirs up war, and arms are taken up for arms.
Met. 12.622Nōn ea Tȳdīdēs, nōn audet Oīleos Aiāx,
nōn minor Atrīdēs, nōn bellō maior et aevō
poscere, nōn aliī: sōlīs Telamōne creātō
625Lāertēque fuit tantae fīdūcia laudis.
The son of Tydeus does not dare to claim them, nor Ajax son of Oileus, nor the younger son of Atreus, nor the one greater in war and age, nor the others: only the son of Telamon and the son of Laertes had confidence enough for so great a prize.
Met. 12.626Ā sē Tantalidēs onus invidiamque remōvit
Argolicōsque ducēs mediīs cōnsīdere castrīs
iussit et arbitrium lītis trāiēcit in omnēs.
The descendant of Tantalus removed the burden and the odium from himself, and ordered the Argive leaders to sit in the middle of the camp, and passed the judgement of the dispute on to them all.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×1, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (207 words)
at, conj.but
deus, -ī, m.god
aequoreus, -a, -umof the sea, sea-
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cuspis, -idis f.point, tip (of a spear or arrow)
temperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum (ab + abl.)refrain (from)
unda, -ae, f.wave
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
volucris, -is, f.bird
corpus, corporis, n.body
nātus, -ī m.son; (pl.) children
Phaethontis, -idis (fem.)of Phaethon; Phaethontis volucris: the swan
vertō, vertere, vertī, versusturn
mēns, mentis f.mind, spirit
doleō, -ēre, doluī, dolitumgrieve, be pained
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
saevus, -a, -umfierce, savage
que, enclitic conj.and
perōsus, -a, -umhating, utterly weary of (+ acc.)
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
memor, -orismindful, remembering (+ gen.)
plūs (adv.)more
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
cīvīliter (adv.)as a citizen, without pomp; civilly, courteously
īra, -ae, f.anger, wrath
iam, adv.now, already
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
trahō, trahere, trāxī, trāctusdraw, drag
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
quīnquennium, -ī n.period of five years
bellum, -ī, n.war
tālis, -esuch
intōnsus, -a, -umunshorn, long-haired
compellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusaddress, speak to; call on
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
ō (interj.)O! oh!
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
frāter, frātris, m.brother
longē, adv.far
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
irritus, -a, -uminvalid, of no effect; irritum facere: make void, cancel
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
ecquid (adv.)at all? (introducing an eager question: 'do you at all ...?')
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
iamiam (adv.)now at last, at any moment, just about to
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
arx, arcis f.citadel, stronghold
ingemō, -ere, -gemuīgroan, sigh
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
tot (indecl.)so many
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
caedō, -ere, cecīdī, caesumcut, cut down; kill
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
omnis, -eall, every
umbra, -ae, f.shadow, shade
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
circum, prep. with acc.around
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
cruentus, -a, -umbloody, blood-stained
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
opus, operis, n.work, task
noster, -tra, -trumour
populātor, -ōris m.ravager, plunderer
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
triplex, -icisthreefold, triple
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
quoniam, conj.since now, since
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
comminus (adv.)hand to hand, at close quarters
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
nōn, adv.not
occultus, -a, -umhidden, secret
necopīnus, -a, -umnot expecting, off guard; unexpected
perdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusdestroy, ruin; lose, waste
sagitta, -ae, f.arrow
adnuō, -ere, -nuī, -nūtumnod, nod assent
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
pariter (adv.)equally, alike; at the same time
patruus, -ī m.uncle (father's brother)
indulgeō, -ēre, indulsī (+ dat.)be kind to, favour
nebula, -ae f.mist, cloud
vēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusveil, cover
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
Īliacus, -a, -umof Ilium, Trojan
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
vir, virī, m.man
rārus, -a, -umscattered, few
ignōtus, -a, -umunknown
spargō, spargere, sparsī, sparsusscatter, sprinkle
cernō, cernere, crēvī, certus or crētusdiscern, perceive, make out
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
fateor, -ērī, fassus sumadmit, confess
spīculum, -ī n.point, sharp tip; dart, arrow
sanguis, sanguinis, m.blood
plēbs, plēbis f.the common people
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
sī quis, sī qua, sī quidif anyone, if any (sī + the indefinite quis)
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
ulcīscor, ulcīscī, ultusavenge
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
sternō, -ere, strāvī, strātusspread out; furnish with couches (of a room)
Trōicus, -a, -umTrojan
ferrum, -ī n.iron; iron point, sword
arcus, -ūs, m.bow
obvertō, -ere, -vertī, -versusturn towards
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
lētifer, -era, -erumdeadly, death-bringing
dīrigō (dērigō), -ere, -rēxī, -rēctusset straight, arrange in line; dērēctus: straight
dextra, -ae, f.right hand (manus understood)
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
senex, senis, m.old man
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
igitur, conj.therefore
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
Grāius, -a, -umGreek; saltus Graius: the Graian (Little St Bernard) pass in the Alps
raptor, -ōris m.robber, plunderer; (of wolves) ravening
marīta, -ae f.wife, married woman
sī, conj.if
fēmineus, -a, -umof a woman, a woman's, female
Thermōdontiacus, -a, -umof the Thermodon, Amazonian
mālō, mālle, māluīwish rather, prefer
bipennis, -is f.two-edged axe
timor, -ōris, m.fear
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
tūtēla, -ae f.protection, guardianship, care
Pelasgus, -a, -umPelasgian; (poetic) Greek
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
caput, capitis, n.head
īnsuperābilis, -eunconquerable
ārdeō, ārdēre, ārsī, ārsusbe on fire, burn
armō, -āre, -āvi, -ātusarm, equip
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
cremō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumburn
cinis, cineris m.ashes
tam, adv.so
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
restō, -āre, restitīstay behind, remain
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
bene, adv.well; successfully
compleō, -plēre, -plēvī, -plētusfill full, fill up
urna, -ae f.jar, urn
tōtus, -a, -umall the, the whole or entire
glōria, -ae, f.glory
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
mēnsūra, -ae f.measurement, measure
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
pār, parisequal
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
inānis, -eempty
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
clipeus, -ī m. (also clipeum, -ī n.)round bronze shield
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
aevum, -ī n.age, lifetime; old age
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
sōlus, -a, -umalone
creō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuselect, appoint
fīdūcia, -ae f.confidence, trust, reliance
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
onus, oneris n.load, weight
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
removeō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove back, remove
Argolicus, -a, -umof Argolis (the district of Greece in which Tiryns was situated), Argolic
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
arbitrium, -ī n.judgment, will, pleasure
līs, lītis f.lawsuit, dispute; damages
trāiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow across, strike through, pierce
Ovid, Metamorphoses XII. Latin text: H. Magnus, Die Metamorphosen des P. Ovidius Naso (Gotha, 1892), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.