| horrifer, -era, -erum | dreadful, terrifying; bristling, freezing |
| invādō, -ere, -vāsī, -vāsus | go into, attack, seize; come upon |
| contrārius, -a, -um | opposite, facing |
| tellūs, -ūris f. | earth, land (poetic) |
| nūbēs, -is, f. | cloud |
| assiduus, -a, -um | constant, unremitting |
| pluvia, -ae f. | rain |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| madēscō, -ere, maduī | become wet, grow moist |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| auster, -trī m. | the south wind |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| super (prep. + acc. or abl.; also adv.) | over, above, on top of; upon; about, concerning |
| impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positus | place or lay upon, impose; embark |
| liquidus, -a, -um | liquid, flowing; clear |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| gravitās, -ātis f. | weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness |
| careō, -ēre, -uī | be without, lack (+ abl.) |
| aethēr, -eris m. (acc. aethera) | the upper air, the sky |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| quisquam, quicquam, indef. pron. | any one, anything |
| terrēnus, -a, -um | of earth, earthen |
| faex, faecis f. | dregs, lees (of wine) |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| vix, adv. | with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| līmes, -itis m. | path, track; boundary |
| dissaepiō, -īre, -saepsī, -saeptus | separate, divide off |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| premō, premere, pressī, pressus | press, check, restrain |
| diū, adv. | for a long time, a long time or while, long; comp |
| massa, -ae f. | lump, mass |
| lateō, -ēre, -uī | lie hid, be concealed |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| sīdus, -eris n. | star, constellation |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| tōtus, -a, -um | all the, the whole or entire |
| effervēscō, -fervēscere, -ferbuī | boil up or over, boil |
| caelum, -ī, n. | heaven, sky |
| neu | see nēve |
| regiō, -ōnis, f. | direction; country, region |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| ūllus, -a, -um | any |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| animal, -ālis n. | living creature, animal |
| orbus, -a, -um | bereaved, orphaned, childless |
| astrum, -ī n. | star; (pl.) the heavens |
| teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tus | hold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop |
| caelestis, -e | heavenly; pl. as noun: the gods |
| sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n. | only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil |
| fōrma, -ae, f. | form, appearance; beauty |
| deus, -ī, m. | god |
| cēdō, -ere, cessī, cessum | go, withdraw, give way |
| nitidus, -a, -um | shining, sleek, well-groomed |
| habitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | dwell, inhabit |
| piscis, -is m. | fish |
| unda, -ae, f. | wave |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| fera, -ae, f. | wild animal, beast |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| volucris, -is, f. | bird |
| agitābilis, -e | easily moved, mobile |
| āēr, āeris, m. | air |
| sānctus, -a, -um | consecrated, sacred |
| mēns, mentis f. | mind, spirit |
| capāx, -ācis | roomy, spacious; capable (of: gen.) |
| altus, -a, -um | high, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep |
| dēsum, deesse, dēfuī | be lacking, fail |
| adhūc, adv. | to this point, up to this time, yet, still |
| dominor, -ārī, -ātus sum | be master, rule |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | the other, the remaining, the rest of |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| nāscor, -ī, nātus sum | be born; rise, begin |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| sīve or seu, conj. | or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or |
| dīvīnus, -a, -um | divine, of the gods |
| sēmen, sēminis n. | seed |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| opifex, -ficis m. | workman, craftsman |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| mundus, -ī m. | world, universe |
| bonus, -a, -um | good |
| orīgō, -inis f. | origin, beginning, source; ancestry |
| recēns, -entis | recent, fresh |
| sēdūcō, -ere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead astray, deceive |
| nūper, adv. | newly, lately, recently |
| cognātus, -ī m. | kinsman, relative |
| retineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or keep back, keep, restrain; hold fast |
| serō, serere, sēvī, satus | sow, plant |
| misceō, miscēre, miscuī, mīxtus | mix, mingle |
| pluviālis, -e | rainy, rain-bringing |
| fingō, fingere, finxī, fictus | invent, make up |
| effigiēs, -ēī f. | likeness, form, appearance |
| moderor, -ārī, -ātus sum | control, manage, check |
| cūnctus, -a, -um | all, the whole |
| prōnus, -a, -um | leaning forward; inclined, prone (to) |
| spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | look at or on |
| ōs, ōris, n. | mouth |
| sublīmis, -e | high, lofty; in sublīme: up on high |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| ērēctus, -a, -um | upright, erect |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātus | lift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor |
| vultus, -ūs m. | face, expression |
| sīc, adv. | so, thus |
| modo, adv. | only |
| rudis, -e | raw, rough; (of cloth) new, unshrunk |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| imāgō, -inis f. | likeness, image, portrait |
| induō, induere, induī, indūtus | put on; clothe |
| ignōtus, -a, -um | unknown |
| convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus | turn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight |
| figūra, -ae, f. | form, shape, figure |