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Nepos · Pausanias

Nepos, Pausanias 3

Pausanias adopts Persian ways

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Paus. 3.1At ille post nōn multō suā sponte ad exercitum rediit et ibi nōn stolidā, sed dēmentī ratiōne cōgitātā patefēcit: nōn enim mōrēs patriōs sōlum, sed etiam cultum vestītumque mūtāvit.But not long afterwards he returned to the army of his own accord, and there revealed his designs in a manner not foolish but insane: for he changed not only his ancestral customs but even his way of life and his dress. Paus. 3.2Apparātū rēgiō ūtēbātur, veste Mēdicā;He used royal pomp and Median clothing; Paus. 3.2satellitēs Mēdī et Aegyptiī sequēbantur;Median and Egyptian guards followed him; Paus. 3.2epulābātur mōre Persārum luxuriōsius, quam quī aderant perpetī possent;he feasted in the Persian manner, more luxuriously than those present could endure; Paus. 3.3aditum petentibus nōn dabat, superbē respondēbat, crūdēliter imperābat.he refused access to those who sought it, answered arrogantly, gave orders cruelly. Paus. 3.3Spartam redīre nōlēbat;He was unwilling to return to Sparta; Paus. 3.3colōnās, quī locus in agrō Trōade est, sē contulerat;he had taken himself to Colonae, a place in the territory of the Troad; Paus. 3.3ibi cōnsilia cum patriae tum sibi inimīca capiēbat.there he formed plans hostile both to his country and to himself.

Paus. 3.4Id postquam Lacedaemoniī resciērunt, lēgātōs cum clāvā ad eum mīsērunt, in quā mōre illōrum erat scrīptum: nisi domum reverterētur, sē capitis eum damnātūrōs.When the Spartans found this out, they sent envoys to him with the message-staff, on which, in their fashion, was written: that unless he returned home, they would condemn him to death. Paus. 3.5Hōc nūntiō commōtus, spērāns sē etiamtum pecūniā et potentiā īnstāns perīculum posse dēpellere, domum rediit.Shaken by this message, and hoping that even then he could ward off the threatening danger by money and influence, he returned home. Paus. 3.5Hūc ut vēnit, ab ephorīs in vincla pūblica est coniectus: licet enim lēgibus eōrum cuivīs ephorō hoc facere rēgī.As soon as he arrived there, he was thrown into the public prison by the ephors: for under their laws any ephor may do this to a king. Paus. 3.5Hinc tamen sē expedīvit, neque eō magis carēbat suspīciōne: nam opīniō manēbat eum cum rēge habēre societātem.From there, however, he got himself free, but he was none the less under suspicion: for the belief remained that he had an alliance with the king.

Paus. 3.6Est genus quoddam hominum, quod Hīlōtae vocātur, quōrum magna multitūdō agrōs Lacedaemoniōrum colit servōrumque mūnere fungitur.There is a certain class of men called Helots, a great number of whom farm the lands of the Spartans and perform the duties of slaves. Paus. 3.6Hōs quoque sollicitāre spē lībertātis exīstimābātur.He was thought to be tampering with these too, with the hope of freedom. Paus. 3.7Sed quod hārum rērum nūllum erat apertum crīmen, quō coarguī posset, nōn putābant dē tālī tamque clārō virō suspīciōnibus oportēre iūdicārī et exspectandum, dum sē ipsa rēs aperīret.But because there was no open charge on any of these matters by which he could be convicted, they did not think that so great and famous a man ought to be judged on suspicion, but that they must wait until the matter revealed itself.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, indirect statement ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (142 words)
at, conj.but
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
nōn, adv.not
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
redeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo back, return
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ibi, adv.in that place, there
stolidus, -a, -umstupid, foolish
sed, conj.but
dēmēns, -entisout of one's mind, mad, frantic
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
cōgitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, think over
patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusthrow, or lay open, open
enim, conj.for
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
patrius, -a, -umof one's fathers, ancestral
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
cultus, -ūs m.way of life; civilization, refinement
vestītus, -ūs, m.clothing
que, enclitic conj.and
mūtō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuschange
apparātus, -ūs m.preparation; display, splendour
rēgius, -a, -umroyal, kingly
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
vestis, -is, f.clothing, dress, robe
Mēdicus, -a, -umMedian, Persian
satelles, -itis m.attendant, henchman, accomplice
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
epulor, -ārī, -ātus sumfeast, banquet
luxuriōsē (adv.)luxuriously, extravagantly
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
perpetior, -petī, -pessus sumendure, bear to the end
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
aditus, -ūs, m.approach, entrance
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
superbē (adv.)proudly, arrogantly
respondeō, -spondēre, -spondī, -spōnsusreply, answer
crūdēliter (adv.)cruelly
imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātuscommand, order, enjoin
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ager, agri, m.field, land
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
cōnferō, cōnferre, contulī, conlātusbring together; grant, confer; sē cōnferre, to betake oneself, make one's way
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
patria, -ae, f.fatherland, country
tum, adv.then, at that time
inimīcus, -a, -umunfriendly, hostile
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
rescīscō, -ere, -scīvī, -scītumfind out
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
cum, prep, with abl.with
clāva, -ae, f.club
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
nisi, conj.if not, unless
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
caput, capitis, n.head
damnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcondemn
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
commoveō, -movēre, -mōvī, -mōtusmove, rouse; disturb
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
etiamtum (adv.)even then, still
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
potentia, -ae f.power, influence
īnstō, -āre, -stitīpress on; be at hand
perīculum, -ī, n.danger, peril, risk
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
ephorus, -ī m.an ephor, one of the five chief magistrates of Sparta
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
lēx, lēgis f.law
quīvīs, quaevīs, quodvīsany you like, any whatever
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
rēx, rēgis, m.king
hinc, adv.from this place, hence
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
expediō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfree, set clear; get ready; arrange, settle
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
careō, -ēre, -uībe without, lack (+ abl.)
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
nam, conj.for
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
maneō, manēre, mānsī, mānsusremain
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
societās, -ātis f.alliance, partnership
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
homō, hominis, m.man
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
colō, colere, coluī, cultustill, cultivate; inhabit; worship
servus, -ī, m.slave, servant
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
fungor, fungī, fūnctus sum (+ abl.)perform, carry out, discharge
quoque, adv.also
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
spēs, speī, f.hope
lībertās, -tātis, f.freedom, liberty
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
quod, conj.that, in that, because
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
apertus, -a, -umopen
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
coarguō, -ere, -uīexpose, prove guilty, denounce
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
tālis, -esuch
tam, adv.so
clārus, -a, -umclear, loud; famous
vir, virī, m.man
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
aperiō, -īre, -uī, -tusopen
Nepos, Pausanias. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.