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Nepos · Pausanias

Nepos, Pausanias 2

Pausanias writes to Xerxes

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Paus. 2.1Post id proelium eundem Pausaniam cum classe commūnī Cyprum atque Hellēspontum mīsērunt, ut ex iīs regiōnibus barbarōrum praesidia dēpelleret.After that battle they sent the same Pausanias with the allied fleet to Cyprus and the Hellespont, to drive the barbarians' garrisons out of those regions. Paus. 2.2Parī fēlīcitāte in eā rē ūsus ēlātius sē gerere coepit maiōrēsque appetere rēs.Having enjoyed equal success in that venture, he began to behave more arrogantly and to aim at greater things. Paus. 2.2Nam cum Byzantiō expugnātō cēpisset complūrēs Persārum nōbilēs atque in eīs nōnnūllōs rēgis propinquōs, hōs clam Xerxī remīsit, simulāns ex vinclīs pūblicīs effūgisse, et cum iīs Gongylum Eretriēnsem, quī litterās rēgī redderet, in quibus haec fuisse scrīpta Thūcȳdidēs memoriae prōdidit: "Pausaniās, dux Spartae, quōs Byzantiī cēperat, postquam propinquōs tuōs cognōvit, tibi mūnerī mīsit sēque tēcum affīnitāte coniungī cupit: quārē, sī tibi vidētur, dēs eī fīliam tuam nūptum.For when, after storming Byzantium, he had captured several Persian nobles, and among them some relatives of the king, he secretly sent them back to Xerxes, pretending that they had escaped from the public prison, and with them Gongylus of Eretria, to deliver a letter to the king, in which, as Thucydides has recorded, these words were written: 'Pausanias, the commander of Sparta, having learned that those he had captured at Byzantium were your relatives, has sent them to you as a gift, and desires to be joined to you by marriage: therefore, if you approve, give him your daughter as his wife.

Paus. 2.4Id sī fēceris, et Spartam et cēteram Graeciam sub tuam potestātem sē adiuvante tē redāctūrum pollicētur.If you do this, he promises that with your help he will bring both Sparta and the rest of Greece under your power. Paus. 2.4Hīs dē rēbus sī quid agere volueris, certum hominem ad eum mittās face, cum quō colloquātur."If you wish to take any action in these matters, see that you send him a reliable man with whom he may confer.' Paus. 2.5Rēx tot hominum salūte tam sibi necessāriōrum magnō opere gāvīsus cōnfestim cum epistulā Artabazum ad Pausaniam mittit in quā eum collaudat ac petit, nē cui reī parcat ad ea efficienda, quae pollicērētur: sī perfēcerit, nūllīus reī ā sē repulsam lātūrum.The king, greatly delighted at the safety of so many men so closely related to him, at once sends Artabazus to Pausanias with a letter in which he praises him warmly and asks him to spare nothing in accomplishing what he promised: if he achieved it, he would meet with refusal from him in nothing. Paus. 2.6Huius Pausaniās voluntāte cognitā alacrior ad rem gerendam factus in suspīciōnem cecidit Lacedaemoniōrum.When Pausanias learned the king's wishes, he became more eager to carry out the plan and fell under the suspicion of the Spartans.

Paus. 2.6Quō factō domum revocātus, accūsātus capitis absolvitur, multātur tamen pecūniā, quam ob causam ad classem remissus nōn est.As a result he was recalled home, tried on a capital charge and acquitted, but fined; and for this reason he was not sent back to the fleet.

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Grammar in this passage: purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×4, indirect statement ×4, gerunds and gerundives ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (115 words)
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
cum, prep, with abl.with
classis, -is f.fleet
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
regiō, -ōnis, f.direction; country, region
barbarus, -a, -umbarbarian
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
pār, parisequal
fēlīcitās, -ātis f.good fortune, luck
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
ēlātē (adv.; comp. ēlātius)loftily, boastfully
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
que, enclitic conj.and
appetō, -petere, -petīvī, -petītusdraw near
nam, conj.for
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
expugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake by storm, capture
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
nōnnūllus, -a, -umnot none, some, several
rēx, rēgis, m.king
propinquus, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m./-a f.near; (noun) relative
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
clam (adv.)secretly
remittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend back; give up, remit
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
vinculum, -ī, n.bond, chain
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
Eretriēnsis, -eof Eretria in Euboea
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
litterae, -ārum f. pl.letters (of the alphabet); a letter, dispatch
reddō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive back, return, restore; render
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
scrībō, scrībere, scrīpsī, scrīptuswrite
memoria, -ae, f.memory
prōdō, -ere, -didī, -ditumhand down; betray
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
affīnitās, -ātis f.relationship by marriage
coniungō, -iungere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin together, join
cupiō, -ere, -īvī, -ītusdesire, long for, wish
quārē (adv.)why; for which reason
sī, conj.if
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
fīlia, -ae, f.daughter
nūbō, -ere, nūpsī, nūptum (+ dat.)marry (said of a woman)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtumhelp, assist
redigō, -ere, redēgī, redāctumbring back; reduce (to a condition)
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
volō, velle, voluīwish
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
homō, hominis, m.man
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
colloquor (conloquor), -ī, -locūtus sumtalk with, confer
tot (indecl.)so many
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
tam, adv.so
necessārius, -a, -um; as noun, -ī m.necessary, critical; (noun) close friend, relative
opus, operis, n.work, task
gaudeō, gaudēre, gāvīsusbe glad, rejoice
cōnfestim (adv.)at once, immediately
epistula, -ae f.letter
collaudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise warmly
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
parcō, -ere, pepercī, parsūrusspare, show mercy to (+ dat.)
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo or make through, accomplish
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
repulsa, -ae f.defeat in an election, rejection
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
alacer, -cris, -creeager, keen
suspīciō, -ōnis, f.suspicion
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
domus, -ūs, f.house, home
revocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcall back, recall
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
caput, capitis, n.head
absolvō, -ere, -solvī, -solūtusrelease, set free; acquit (of: gen.)
multō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspunish, fine; deprive (of: abl.)
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
pecūnia, -ae, f.money (the possession of cattle constituting wealth in early times)
ob, prep. with acc.on account of, for; in compounds, to, against
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
nōn, adv.not
Nepos, Pausanias. Latin text: A. Fleckeisen, Cornelii Nepotis Vitae (Teubner, 1886), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.