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Livy · Ab Urbe Condita XXII

Ab Urbe Condita 22.14

Minucius denounces Fabius' delay

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Liv. 22.14.1Ut vērō, postquam ad Vulturnum flūmen castra sunt posita, exūrēbātur amoenissimus Ītaliae ager vīllaeque passim incendiīs fūmābant, per iuga Massicī montis Fabiō dūcente, tum prope dē integrō sēditiō accēnsa;But when, after the camp had been pitched by the river Volturnus, the loveliest countryside in Italy was being burned and farmhouses everywhere were smoking with fires, while Fabius led the army along the ridges of Mount Massicus, then the mutiny was kindled almost afresh; Liv. 22.14.2quiēverant enim per paucōs diēs, quia, cum celerius solitō ductum agmen esset, festīnārī ad prohibendam populātiōnibus Campāniam crēdiderant.for they had been quiet for a few days, because, since the column had been led faster than usual, they had believed that haste was being made to protect Campania from devastation. Liv. 22.14.2Ut vērō in extrēma iuga Massicī montis ventum est, et hostēs sub oculīs erant Falernī agrī colōnōrumque Sinuessae tēcta ūrentēs nec ūlla erat mentiō pugnae, " spectātum hūc" inquit Minucius "ut ad rem fruendam oculīs, sociōrum caedēs et incendia, vēnimus?But when they came to the farthest ridges of Mount Massicus, and the enemy were before their eyes burning the houses of the Falernian district and of the settlers of Sinuessa, and there was no mention of battle, 'Have we come here,' said Minucius, 'to watch, as if to feast our eyes on a spectacle, the slaughter and burning of our allies?

Liv. 22.14.4Nec, sī nūllīus alterīus nōs, nē cīvium quidem hōrum pudet, quōs Sinuessam colōnōs patrēs nostrī mīsērunt, ut ab Samnīte hoste tūta haec ōra esset, quam nunc nōn vīcīnus Samnīs ūrit, sed Poenus advena, ab extrēmīs orbis terrārum terminīs nostrā cūnctātiōne et sōcordiā iam hūc prōgressus?If we feel shame before no one else, do we not feel it even before these citizens, whom our fathers sent to Sinuessa as settlers so that this coast might be safe from the Samnite enemy, a coast which now no neighbouring Samnite is burning, but a Carthaginian stranger, who through our delay and sloth has already advanced all the way here from the farthest bounds of the world? Liv. 22.14.6Tantum prō dēgenerāmus ā patribus nostrīs, ut, praeter quam ōram illī Pūnicās vagārī classēs dēdecus esse imperiī suī dūxerint, eam nunc plēnam hostium Numidārumque ac Maurōrum iam factam videāmus.So far, alas, are we falling short of our fathers that the coast along which they thought it a disgrace to their empire for Punic fleets to roam, we now see already filled with enemies, with Numidians and Moors. Liv. 22.14.7Quī modo Saguntum oppugnārī indignandō nōn hominēs tantum sed foedera et deōs ciēbāmus, scandentem moenia Rōmānae colōniae Hannibalem quiētī spectāmus.We who only lately, in our indignation that Saguntum was being besieged, were calling upon not only men but treaties and gods, now quietly watch Hannibal scaling the walls of a Roman colony.

Liv. 22.14.8Fūmus ex incendiīs vīllārum agrōrumque in oculōs atque ōra venit;The smoke from the burning farmhouses and fields comes into our eyes and faces; Liv. 22.14.8strepunt aurēs clamōribus plōrantium sociōrum, saepius nostram quam deōrum invocantium opem: nōs hīc pecorum modo per aestīvōs saltūs dēviāsque callīs exercitum dūcimus conditī nūbibus silvīsque.our ears ring with the cries of weeping allies, who call on our help more often than on that of the gods: and we here are leading the army like cattle through summer pastures and out-of-the-way tracks, hidden in clouds and forests. Liv. 22.14.9Sī hōc modō peragrandō cacūmina saltūsque M. Fūrius recipere ā Gallīs urbem voluisset, quō hic novus Camillus, nōbīs dictātor ūnicus in rēbus adfectīs quaesītus, Ītaliam ab Hannibale recuperāre parat, Gallōrum Rōma esset, quam vereor nē sīc cūnctantibus nōbīs Hannibalī ac Poenīs totiēns servāverint maiōrēs nostrī.If Marcus Furius had chosen to recover the city from the Gauls by wandering over peaks and woodland pastures in the way in which this new Camillus, sought out by us as our one and only dictator in our distress, is preparing to win back Italy from Hannibal, Rome would belong to the Gauls; and I fear that, while we delay like this, our ancestors have preserved it so many times only for Hannibal and the Carthaginians.

Liv. 22.14.11Sed vir ac vērē Rōmānus, quō diē dictātōrem eum ex auctōritāte patrum iussūque populī dictum Vēiōs allātum est, cum esset satis altum Iāniculum, ubi sedēns prōspectāret hostem, dēscendit in aequum atque illō ipsō diē mediā in urbe, quā nunc busta Gallica sunt, et posterō diē citrā Gabiōs cecidit Gallōrum legiōnēs.But that man, a true Roman, on the day the news was brought to Veii that he had been named dictator on the authority of the senators and by order of the people, though the Janiculum was high enough for him to sit there and watch the enemy from afar, came down onto level ground, and on that very day in the middle of the city, where the Gallic Pyres now are, and on the next day this side of Gabii, he cut down the legions of the Gauls. Liv. 22.14.12Quid?What then? Liv. 22.14.12Post multōs annōs cum ad Furculās Caudīnās ab Samnīte hoste sub iugum missī sumus, utrum tandem L. Papīrius Cursor iuga Samnī perlūstrandō an Lūceriam premendō obsidendōque et lacessendō victōrem hostem dēpulsum ab Rōmānīs cervīcibus iugum superbō Samnītī inposuit?Many years later, when we had been sent under the yoke at the Caudine Forks by the Samnite enemy, did Lucius Papirius Cursor, I ask you, take the yoke from Roman necks and set it on the proud Samnite by surveying the ridges of Samnium, or by pressing Luceria hard, besieging it and challenging the victorious enemy?

Liv. 22.14.13Modo C. Lutātiō quae alia rēs quam celeritās victōriam dedit, quod posterō diē, quam hostem vīdit, classem gravem commeātibus, impedītam suōmet ipsam īnstrūmentō atque adparātū, oppressit?Only recently, what else but speed gave Gaius Lutatius his victory, in that on the day after he sighted the enemy he overwhelmed their fleet, heavy with supplies and hampered by its own gear and equipment? Liv. 22.14.14Stultitia est sedendō aut vōtīs dēbellārī crēdere posse: arma capiās oportet et dēscendās in aequum et vir cum virō congrediāris;It is folly to believe that a war can be finished by sitting still or by prayers: you must take up arms and come down onto level ground and meet the enemy man to man; Liv. 22.14.14audendō atque agendō rēs Rōmāna crēvit, nōn hīs segnibus cōnsiliīs, quae timidī cauta vocant."it is by daring and doing that the Roman state has grown, not by these sluggish policies which the timid call cautious.' Liv. 22.14.15Haec velut cōntiōnantī Minuciō circumfundēbātur tribūnōrum equitumque Rōmānōrum multitūdō, et ad aurēs quoque mīlitum dicta ferōcia ēvolvēbantur: ac sī mīlitāris suffrāgī rēs esset, haud dubiē ferēbant Minucium Fabiō ducem praelātūrōs.Round Minucius as he harangued them in this way, as if at an assembly, a crowd of tribunes and Roman knights poured, and his fierce words rolled on to the ears of the soldiers as well: and if the matter were one for a soldiers' vote, they declared that they would beyond doubt set Minucius above Fabius as commander.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×11, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (249 words)
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
postquam, conj.later than, after, when
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
flūmen, -minis, n.river
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
exūrō, -ere, -ussī, -ustumburn down
amoenus, -a, -umpleasant, lovely (of places)
ager, agri, m.field, land
vīlla, -ae, f.country-house, villa
que, enclitic conj.and
passim (adv.)here and there, in all directions
incendium, -ī n.fire, burning
fūmō, -āresmoke, give off smoke
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
Massicum, -ī n.Massic wine, from Mount Massicus in Campania
mōns, montis, m.mountain
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
tum, adv.then, at that time
prope (adv. and prep. + acc.)near, nearly
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
integer, -gra, -grumuntouched, fresh, whole
sēditiō, -ōnis f.riot, mutiny, discord
accendō, -cendere, -cendī, -cēnsuskindle, light
quiēscō, -ere, quiēvī, quiētusrest, keep quiet
enim, conj.for
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
quia (conj.)because
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
festīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhurry, make haste
prohibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold back, prevent, hinder
populātiō, -ōnis f.plundering, ravaging
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
oculus, -ī, m.eye
Falernus, -a, -umFalernian; ager Falernus: the Falernian district of northern Campania
colōnus, -ī m.settler, colonist; farmer
tēctum, -ī n.roof; house
ūrō, ūrere, ussī, ūstusburn
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ūllus, -a, -umany
mentiō, -ōnis, f.mention
pugna, -ae, f.fighting, battle, combat
spectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at or on
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
inquam, inquis, inquit, defective verbI say, you say, he says
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
fruor, -ī, frūctus sum (+ abl.)enjoy
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
sī, conj.if
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
nōsplur. of ego
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.)it shames, one is ashamed
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
pater, patris, m.father
noster, -tra, -trumour
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
ōra, -ae f.coast, shore
nunc, adv.now
nōn, adv.not
vīcīnus, -ī m.neighbor
sed, conj.but
advena, -ae m.newcomer, stranger, foreigner
orbis, -is, m.circle; orbis terrae or terrārum, circle of the earth or lands, earth, world
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
terminus, -ī m.boundary, limit
cūnctātiō, -ōnis f.delay, hesitation
sōcordia, -ae f.sluggishness, negligence
iam, adv.now, already
prōgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo forward, advance
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
dēgenerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfall away from one's breed, degenerate; dēgenerātum: degeneracy
praeter, prep. with acc.before, past, by; besides, except
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
Pūnicus, -a, -umPunic, Carthaginian; bella Pūnica: the wars with Carthage
vagor, -ārī, -ātus sumwander, roam
classis, -is f.fleet
dēdecus, -decoris, n.dishonor, disgrace
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
plēnus, -a, -umfull
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
Maurus, -a, -umMoorish, North African
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
modo, adv.only
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
indignor, -ārī, -ātus sumbe indignant, resent
homō, hominis, m.man
foedus, -eris n.treaty, alliance
deus, -ī, m.god
cieō, ciēre, cīvī, citusset in motion, stir up; pugnam ciēre: start the fight
scandō, -ereclimb, mount
moenia, -ium, n. plur.walls
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
colōnia, -ae f.settlement, colony
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
fūmus, -ī, m.smoke
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ōs, ōris, n.mouth
strepō, -ere, -uīmake a noise, roar, hum
auris, -is, f.ear
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
plōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweep aloud, wail
saepe, adv.often, frequently
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
invocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall upon, invoke
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
pecus, pecoris, n.herd, flock, cattle
aestīvus, -a, -umof summer, summer-
saltus, -ūs m.wooded pass, forest glade, woodland
dēvius, -a, -umoff the main road, out of the way, remote; straying
callis, -is m.footpath, narrow track
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
condō, -dere, -didī, -ditusput together, found; store away
nūbēs, -is, f.cloud
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
peragrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustravel through, roam over
cacūmen, -minis n.top, tip, point
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
urbs, urbis, f.city
volō, velle, voluīwish
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
novus, -a, -umnew; novissimus, last
dictātor, -ōris m.dictator, a magistrate given supreme power in an emergency
ūnicus, -a, -umone and only; unique, unequalled
adficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusdo to, move, affect; visit, afflict
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
recuperō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusrecover
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
sīc, adv.so, thus
cūnctor, -ārī, -ātus sumdelay, hesitate
totiēns (adv.)so often, so many times
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
maiōrēs, -um m. pl.ancestors
vir, virī, m.man
vērē (adv.)truly, really
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
iussus, -ūs, m.bidding, command
populus, -ī m.people, nation
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
altus, -a, -umhigh, deep; altum, -ī, n., the deep
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
prōspectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook out at, gaze at
dēscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb down, descend
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
quā, adv.in which place, where
bustum, -ī n.tomb, grave mound (originally the place where a body was burned)
Gallicus, -a, -umGallic, of Gaul
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
citrā (prep. + acc.)on this side of
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
annus, -ī, m.year
Furculae, -ārum f. pl.the Forks; Furculae Caudīnae: the Caudine Forks, pass where a Roman army surrendered in 321 BC
Caudīnus, -a, -umof Caudium, a Samnite town; Caudine
utrum (conj.)whether (utrum … an: whether … or)
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
perlūstrō, -lūstrāre, -lūstrāvi, -lūstrātuslook over, examine, survey
an, conj.or (in questions)
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
lacessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītumprovoke, harass
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
cervīx, -īcis f.neck (often pl.)
superbus, -a, -umproud, arrogant, haughty
impōnō, -pōnere, -posuī, -positusplace or lay upon, impose; embark
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
celeritās, -tātis, f.swiftness, quickness, speed
victōria, -ae, f.victory
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
quod, conj.that, in that, because
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
commeātus, -ūs, m.supplies, provisions
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
īnstrūmentum, -ī n.tool, equipment; pl. gear, baggage
apparātus, -ūs m.preparation; display, splendour
opprimō, -primere, -pressī, -pressuspress against, overpower, crush
stultitia, -ae f.folly, foolishness
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
vōtum, -ī n.vow; wish, prayer
dēbellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfight to the finish; subdue completely
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
cum, prep, with abl.with
congredior, -ī, -gressus summeet; come to grips, fight
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
crēscō, -ere, crēvī, crētumgrow, rise (in power)
segnis, -eslow, sluggish, idle
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
timidus, -a, -umfearful, timid
cautus, -a, -umcareful, wary, on one's guard
vocō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscall, summon
veluteven or just as, as
cōntiōnor, -ārī, -ātus sumaddress an assembly, make a speech
circumfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsuspour around; (passive) crowd around, surround
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
quoque, adv.also
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
dictum, -ī n.word, order (dictō audiēns: obedient)
ferōx, -ōcis, adj.fierce, savage
ēvolvō, -ere, -volvī, -volūtusroll out, unroll; unfold, relate; disentangle
mīlitāris, -emilitary, warlike; rēs mīlitāris, art of war, warfare
suffrāgium, -ī n.vote
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
dubiē (adv.)doubtfully; haud dubiē: without doubt
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
praeferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātumput before, prefer (sē praeferre: show oneself superior)
Livy, Ab Urbe Condita XXII. Latin text: B. O. Foster, Livy (Loeb, 1919–29), with some passages from W. Weissenborn and H. J. Müller (Teubner, 1884–1911), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.