Ab Urbe Condita 1.2

Liv. 1.2.1Bellō deinde Aborīginēs Trōiānīque simul petītī.

Then the Aborigines and the Trojans were attacked together in war.

Note. Chapter 2. petītī: 'were attacked' (sunt is understood).

Liv. 1.2.1Turnus, rēx Rutulōrum, cui pacta Lāvīnia ante adventum Aenēae fuerat, praelātum sibi advenam aegrē patiēns simul Aenēae Latīnōque bellum intulerat.

Turnus, king of the Rutulians, to whom Lavinia had been promised before the arrival of Aeneas, angry that a newcomer had been preferred to him, had made war on Aeneas and Latinus together.

Note. cui pacta Lāvīnia … fuerat: 'to whom Lavinia had been betrothed' (pacīscor). praelātum sibi advenam: 'that a newcomer had been preferred to him'. Virgil's Aeneid (books 7–12) tells this war at length.

Liv. 1.2.2Neutra aciēs laeta ex eō certāmine abiit: victī Rutulī;

Neither side came away from that battle happy: the Rutulians were beaten;

Note. Neutra aciēs laeta: Livy sums up the battle briefly: both sides lost something.

Liv. 1.2.2victōrēs Aborīginēs Trōiānīque ducem Latīnum āmīsēre.

the victorious Aborigines and Trojans lost their leader Latinus.

Note. āmīsēre = āmīsērunt. Latinus dies in the battle in Livy's version, unlike in Virgil.

Liv. 1.2.3Inde Turnus Rutulīque diffīsī rēbus ad flōrentēs opēs Etrūscōrum Mezentiumque, rēgem eōrum, cōnfugiunt, quī Caere, opulentō tum oppidō, imperitāns iam inde ab initiō minimē laetus novae orīgine urbis et tum nimiō plūs, quam satis tūtum esset accolīs, rem Trōiānam crēscere ratus haud gravātim socia arma Rutulīs iūnxit.

Then Turnus and the Rutulians, losing confidence in their position, fled for help to the flourishing power of the Etruscans and their king Mezentius, who, ruling at Caere, then a rich town, had been far from pleased from the very start at the birth of the new city, and now, thinking that the Trojan state was growing much more than was safe for its neighbours, readily joined his arms in alliance with the Rutulians.

Note. diffīsī rēbus: 'losing confidence in their situation' (diffīdō + dative). Caere: an Etruscan city north-west of Rome. nimiō plūs quam satis tūtum esset accolīs: 'much more than was safe for the neighbours'. ratus: perfect participle of reor, 'thinking'.

Liv. 1.2.4Aenēās, adversus tantī bellī terrōrem ut animōs Aborīginum sibi conciliāret nec sub eōdem iūre sōlum sed etiam nōmine omnēs essent, Latīnōs utramque gentem appellāvit.

Aeneas, to win over the hearts of the Aborigines in the face of the terror of so great a war, and so that all should be not only under the same law but also under the same name, called both peoples Latins.

Note. ut … conciliāret nec … essent: two purpose clauses. Latīnōs utramque gentem appellāvit: the Trojans and Aborigines together become 'Latins'.

Liv. 1.2.5Nec deinde Aborīginēs Trōiānīs studiō ac fidē ergā rēgem Aenēam cessēre.

And after that the Aborigines did not fall behind the Trojans in zeal and loyalty towards King Aeneas.

Note. cessēre: 'fell short' (cēdō + dative and ablative of respect).

Liv. 1.2.5Frētusque hīs animīs coalēscentium in diēs magis duōrum populōrum Aenēās, quamquam tanta opibus Etrūria erat, ut iam nōn terrās sōlum sed mare etiam per tōtam Ītaliae longitūdinem ab Alpibus ad fretum Siculum fāmā nōminis suī inplēsset, tamen, cum moenibus bellum prōpulsāre posset, in aciem cōpiās ēdūxit.

Relying on this spirit of the two peoples, who were growing together more each day, Aeneas, although Etruria was so powerful that the fame of its name now filled not only the land but also the sea along the whole length of Italy from the Alps to the Sicilian strait, still led his forces out into the field, though he could have kept off the war with walls.

Note. Frētus … animīs: frētus takes the ablative, 'relying on'. coalēscentium in diēs magis: 'growing together more every day'. quamquam … erat, ut … implēsset: Etruria was so strong that its fame filled Italy; still Aeneas fought in the open. cum … posset: concessive, 'although he could'.

Liv. 1.2.6Secundum inde proelium Latīnīs, Aenēae etiam ultimum operum mortālium fuit.

The battle that followed was successful for the Latins, and it was also the last of Aeneas' mortal deeds.

Note. Secundum … proelium: here secundus means 'favourable'. ultimum operum mortālium: Aeneas' last act as a mortal; he was then deified.

Liv. 1.2.6Situs est, quemcumque eum dīcī iūs fāsque est, super Numīcum flūmen;

He lies buried, whatever it is right and lawful to call him, beside the river Numicus;

Note. Situs est: 'he lies buried' (sinō, situs). quemcumque eum dīcī iūs fāsque est: 'whatever it is right and lawful to call him' — Livy avoids committing himself on the hero's divine status.

Liv. 1.2.6Iovem indigetem appellant.

they call him Jupiter Indiges.

Note. Iovem indigetem: 'Jupiter Indiges', the 'native' god, worshipped at a shrine by the Numicus.