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Horace, Odes 1.11

Carpe diem

Horace, Odes: selections. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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Carm. 1.11.1Tū nē quaesierīs, scīre nefās, quem mihi, quem tibi
fīnem dī dederint, Leuconoē, nec Babylōniōs
temptārīs numerōs.

Do not ask, Leuconoe (to know is forbidden), what end the gods have given to me, what to you, and do not try Babylonian calculations.

Note. Metre: Fifth (Greater) Asclepiadean. Tū nē quaesieris: nē + perfect subjunctive, a prohibition, 'do not ask'. scīre nefās (est), 'to know is forbidden'. quem mihi, quem tibi fīnem: quem is the interrogative adjective with fīnem. Babylōniōs numerōs, Babylonian (astrological) calculations; temptāris = temptāveris.

Carm. 1.11.3Ut melius, quidquid erit, patī.

How much better to endure whatever will be!

Note. Ut melius ... patī! An exclamation: 'How much better to endure whatever will be!'

Carm. 1.11.4Seu plūrīs hiemēs seu tribuit Iuppiter ultimam,
5quae nunc oppositīs dēbilitat pūmicibus mare
Tyrrhēnum: sapiās, vīna liquēs et spatiō brevī
spem longam resecēs.

Whether Jupiter has granted us more winters or this as our last, which now wears down the Tyrrhenian sea against the opposing rocks, be wise, strain the wine, and in a short space cut back long hope.

Note. Seu ... seu, 'whether ... or'. plūrīs hiemēs, 'more winters'; ultimam (hiemem), 'as the last'. quae ... dēbilitat ... mare: the winter wears down the Tyrrhenian sea against the rocks that face it (oppositīs pūmicibus). The three jussive subjunctives sapiās, liquēs, resecēs: 'be wise, strain the wine, cut back long hope' (like pruning a vine).

Carm. 1.11.7Dum loquimur, fūgerit invida
aetās: carpe diem quam minimum crēdula posterō.

While we are talking, envious time will have fled: seize the day, trusting as little as possible in the next.

Note. fūgerit, future perfect: 'will have fled' while we speak. invida aetās, 'envious time'. carpe diem, 'pluck the day' like a fruit; quam minimum crēdula posterō (diēī), 'trusting as little as possible in tomorrow'.

Vocabulary

tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
nefās n. (indecl.)a sin, a wrong; something forbidden by divine law
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
deus, -ī, m.god
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
Babylōnius, -a, -umof Babylon, Babylonian
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
numerus, -ī, m.number
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
bonus, -a, -umgood
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
patior, patī, passus, bearsuffer, allow
sīve or seu, conj.or if; sīve ... sīve, whether ... or
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
hiems, hiemis f.winter
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nunc, adv.now
oppōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusset against, place opposite
dēbilitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweaken, cripple, unnerve
pūmex, -icis m.pumice stone
mare, maris, n.sea
Tyrrhēnus, -a, -umEtruscan; mare Tyrrhēnum: the sea west of Italy
sapiō, -ere, -īvībe wise, have sense
vīnum, -ī, n.wine
liquō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake liquid; strain, clarify (wine)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
brevis, -eshort
spēs, speī, f.hope
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
resecō, -āre, -secuī, -sectuscut back, cut off
dum, conj.while, as; as long as; until
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
invidus, -a, -umenvious, jealous; as noun: an envious person, ill-wisher
aetās, -tātis, f.age
carpō, -ere, -sī, -tuspluck
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
minimum, adv.very little, slightly
crēdulus, -a, -umtrusting, credulous, too ready to believe
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
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Horace, Odes: selections. Latin text: P. Shorey and G. J. Laing (Chicago, 1919), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.