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Horace · Epistles I

Horace, Epistles 1.17

How to deal with the great

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Epist. 1.17.1Quamvīs, Scaeva, satis per tē tibi cōnsulis et scīs,
quō tandem pactō deceat maiōribus ūtī,
disce, docendus adhūc quae cēnset amīculus, ut sī
caecus iter mōnstrāre velit;
Although, Scaeva, you take care enough of yourself on your own and know in what way at last it is fitting to deal with the great, learn what your humble friend, who still needs teaching himself, thinks, as if a blind man should wish to show the way;
Epist. 1.17.4tamen aspice sī quid
5et nōs, quod cūrēs proprium fēcisse, loquantur.
yet see whether I too may say anything you might care to make your own.
Epist. 1.17.6Sī tē grāta quiēs et prīmam somnus in hōram
dēlectat, sī tē pulvis strepitusque rotārum,
sī laedit caupōna, Ferentīnum īre iubēbō,
nam neque dīvitibus contingunt gaudia sōlīs,
10nec vīxit male, quī nātus moriēnsque fefellit.
If pleasant rest and sleep till the first hour delight you, if dust and the din of wheels, if the tavern annoys you, I shall bid you go to Ferentinum; for joys do not fall to the rich alone, nor has he lived badly who from birth to death has passed unnoticed.

Epist. 1.17.11Sī prōdesse tuīs paulōque benignius ipsum
tē trāctāre volēs, accēdēs siccus ad ūnctum.
If you want to benefit your family and treat yourself a little more generously, you will go, a dry man, to one well oiled.
Epist. 1.17.13"Sī prandēret holus patienter, rēgibus ūtī
nōllet Aristippus."
'If Aristippus could patiently lunch on vegetables, he would not want to associate with kings.'
Epist. 1.17.14"Sī scīret rēgibus ūtī,
15fastīdīret holus quī mē notat."
'If he who criticises me knew how to associate with kings, he would turn up his nose at vegetables.'
Epist. 1.17.15Utrīus hōrum
verba probēs et facta docē, vel iūnior audī
cūr sit Aristippī potior sententia, namque
mordācem Cynicum sīc ēlūdēbat, ut aiunt:
"scurror ego ipse mihi, populō tū;
Tell me which of these men's words and deeds you approve, or, as the younger, hear why Aristippus' view is better; for this, they say, is how he dodged the snapping Cynic: 'I play the buffoon for my own benefit, you for the people's;
Epist. 1.17.19rēctius hoc et
20splendidius multō est.
this is more right and much more splendid.

Epist. 1.17.20Equus ut mē portet, alat rēx,
officium faciō;
I do my duty so that a horse may carry me and a king feed me;
Epist. 1.17.21tū poscis vīlia, vērum
dante minor, quamvīs fers tē nūllīus egentem."
you beg for cheap things, but are lower than the giver, though you claim to need no one.'
Epist. 1.17.23Omnis Aristippum decuit color et status et rēs,
temptantem maiōra, ferē praesentibus aequum,
25contrā, quem duplicī pannō patientia vēlat,
mīrābor, vītae via sī conversa decēbit.
Every colour, condition and circumstance suited Aristippus, who aimed at greater things but was mostly content with what he had; but as for the man whom endurance clothes in a doubled rag, I shall be amazed if a change in his way of life suits him.
Epist. 1.17.27Alter purpureum nōn exspectābit amictum,
quidlibet indūtus celeberrima per loca vādet,
persōnamque feret nōn inconcinnus utramque;
The one will not wait for a purple cloak, will go through the busiest places dressed in anything, and will play either part not without grace;
Epist. 1.17.30alter Mīlētī textam cane peius et anguī
vītābit chlamydem, moriētur frīgore, sī nōn
rettuleris pannum.
the other will shun a cloak woven at Miletus worse than a dog or a snake, and will die of cold if you do not give him back his rag.

Epist. 1.17.32Refer et sine vīvat ineptus.Give it back, and let him live his foolish life. Epist. 1.17.33Rēs gerere et captōs ostendere cīvibus hostīs
attingit solium Iovis et caelestia temptat:
35prīncipibus placuisse virīs nōn ultima laus est.
To achieve great deeds and display captured enemies to one's fellow citizens touches the throne of Jupiter and reaches for the heavens: to have pleased leading men is not the least of praise.
Epist. 1.17.36Nōn cuivīs hominī contingit adīre Corinthum.It is not every man's lot to get to Corinth. Epist. 1.17.37Sēdit quī timuit nē nōn succēderet.He who feared he would not succeed sat still. Epist. 1.17.37"Estō.'So be it. Epist. 1.17.38Quid, quī pervēnit, fēcitne virīliter?"What of him who got there? Did he act like a man?' Epist. 1.17.38Atquī
hīc est aut nūsquam, quod quaerimus, hic onus horret,
40ut parvīs animīs et parvō corpore maius;
And yet here or nowhere is what we are seeking. This one shudders at the burden, as too great for small minds and a small body;
Epist. 1.17.41hic subit et perfert, aut virtūs nōmen ināne est,
aut decus et pretium rēctē petit experiēns vir.
that one takes it up and carries it through. Either virtue is an empty name, or the man who makes the attempt rightly seeks honour and reward.

Epist. 1.17.43Cōram rēge suā dē paupertāte tacentēs
plūs poscente ferent : distat, sūmāsne pudenter
45an rapiās;
Those who keep silent before their patron about their poverty will get more than the one who asks: it makes a difference whether you take modestly or snatch;
Epist. 1.17.45atquī rērum caput hoc erat, hic fōns.and yet this was the head and source of the matter. Epist. 1.17.46"Indōtāta mihi soror est, paupercula māter,
et fundus nec vēndibilis nec pāscere firmus,"
quī dīcit, clāmat, vīctum date!
'My sister has no dowry, my mother is poor, and my farm can neither be sold nor keep us': he who says this is crying out, 'Give me food!'
Epist. 1.17.48Succinit alter,
et mihi!
Another chimes in, 'And me!'
Epist. 1.17.49Dīviduō findētur mūnere quadra,
50sed tacitus pāscī sī posset corvus, habēret
plūs dapis et rixae multō minus invidiaeque.
The loaf will be split into shares; but if the crow could feed in silence, it would have more of the feast and much less quarrelling and envy.
Epist. 1.17.52Brundisium comes aut Surrentum ductus amoenum
quī queritur salebrās et acerbum frīgus et imbrēs,
aut cistam effrāctam et subducta viātica plōrat,
55nota refert meretrīcis acūmina, saepe catellam,
saepe periscelidem raptam sibi flentis, utī mox
nūlla fidēs damnīs vērīsque dolōribus adsit,
nec semel irrīsus triviīs attollere cūrat
frāctō crūre planum, licet illī plūrima mānet
60lacrima, per sānctum iūrātus dīcat Osīrim:
crēdite, nōn lūdō;
He who, taken as companion to Brundisium or lovely Surrentum, complains of the bumpy roads and the bitter cold and the rains, or bewails his box broken open and his travel money stolen, repeats the well-known tricks of the harlot who often weeps for a necklace, often for an anklet stolen from her, so that soon no belief is given to her real losses and grief. Nor does one who has once been fooled care to lift up at the crossroads a quack with a broken leg, though many a tear flows from him, though, swearing by holy Osiris, he says: 'Believe me, I'm not joking;
Epist. 1.17.61crūdēlēs, tollite claudum!cruel people, lift up the lame man!' Epist. 1.17.62Quaere peregrīnum, vīcīnia rauca reclāmat.'Look for a stranger,' the hoarse neighbourhood shouts back.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×6, purpose clauses ×1, ablative absolute ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (280 words)
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
per, prep, with ace.through, by means of
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
cōnsulō, -ere, -uī, -tusconsult
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
pactum, -ī n.agreement; quō pactō: in what way, how
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
discō, discere, didicīlearn
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
cēnseō, cēnsēre, cēnsuī, cēnsusthink, believe, consider
amīculus, -ī m.dear friend, humble friend
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
sī, conj.if
caecus, -a, -umblind
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
mōnstrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuspoint out, show
volō, velle, voluīwish
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
nōsplur. of ego
cūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumtake care of; (+ gerundive) have something done
proprius, -a, -umone's own, private; characteristic (of)
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
loquor, loquī, locūtusspeak
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
quiēs, quiētis, f.rest, repose
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
somnus, -ī, m.sleep, drowsiness
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
hōra, -ae, f.hour
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
pulvis, -eris m.dust
strepitus, -ūs m.noise, din
que, enclitic conj.and
rota, -ae f.wheel
laedō, -ere, laesī, laesushurt, injure; break (an oath)
caupōna, -ae f.inn, tavern; landlady of an inn
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
nam, conj.for
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
dīves, dīvitis (superl. dītissimus)rich
contingō, -ere, -tigī, -tāctumtouch, reach
gaudium, -ī, n.gladness, joy
sōlus, -a, -umalone
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
male, adv.badly, ill
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
morior, morī, mortuusdie
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
prōsum, prōdesse, prōfuībe of advantage, profit, avail, assist
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
paulō, adv.by a little, a little, somewhat
benignē, adv.kindly
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
trāctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle, touch, feel
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
siccus, -a, -umdry; (n. as noun) dry land
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
ungō, ungere, ūnxī, ūnctussmear, anoint
prandeō, -ēre, prandī, prānsuseat breakfast or a midday meal
olus (holus), -eris n.vegetable, garden plant, herb
patienter (adv.)patiently
rēx, rēgis, m.king
nōlō, nōlle, nōluīnot wish, be unwilling
fastīdiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfeel disgust at, be sick of, scorn
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
notō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmark, note; single out
uter, utra, utrumwhich? of two
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
verbum, -ī, n.word
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
factum, -ī n.deed, act
velor; vel … vel: either … or
iūnior, -ius (comp. of iuvenis)younger; iūniōrēs: men of military age
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
cūr, adv.why
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
potior, -ius (comp. adj.)better, preferable, more powerful
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
namque, conj.for
mordāx, -ācisbiting, snappish; caustic
Cynicus, -a, -umCynic; as noun, a Cynic philosopher
sīc, adv.so, thus
ēlūdō, -ere, -lūsī, -lūsusmock, make sport of; elude
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
scurror, -ārīplay the buffoon, play the parasite
populus, -ī m.people, nation
rēctus, -a, -umdirect, straight
splendidus, -a, -umbright, magnificent
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
equus, -ī, m.horse
portō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumcarry
alō, -ere, -uī, -tusnourish
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
poscō, poscere, poposcīask, demand
vīlis, -echeap, worthless
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
egēns, egentisneedy, poor
omnis, -eall, every
color, -ōris, m.color
status, -ūs m.condition, state
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
temptō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustry, attempt
ferē, adv.nearly, about, almost, for the most part
praesēns, -sentis, adj.present, immediate, imminent
aequus, -a, -umlevel; equal; fair
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
duplex, -icisdouble
pannus, -ī m.cloth, piece of cloth
patientia, -ae f.endurance, hardiness
vēlō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusveil, cover
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
vīta, -ae, f.life
via, -ae, f.road, way
convertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn round, turn, change; in fugam convertere, to put to flight
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
purpureus, -a, -umpurple, dyed purple
nōn, adv.not
exspectō, -spectāre, -spectāvī, -spectātuslook out for, wait for, await, expect; wait
amictus, -ūs m.cloak, wrap, garment
quīlibet, quaelibet, quodlibetany you please, any at all
induō, induere, induī, indūtusput on; clothe
celeber, celebris, celebrefrequented; renowned, celebrated
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
vādō, -erego
persōna, -ae f.mask; character, role; personal standing
inconcinnus, -a, -umawkward, clumsy, ungraceful
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
texō, -ere, -uī, -tusweave
canis, -is, m. and f.dog
anguis, -is, m. and f.serpent, snake
vītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusavoid, escape
chlamys, -ydis f. (acc. chlamydem)a short Greek cloak
frīgus, -oris n.cold
referō, referre, rettulī, relātusbring or carry back, return; pedem referre, to draw back, retire, retreat; grātiam referre, see grātia
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
ineptus, -a, -umfoolish, absurd, out of place
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
attingō, -tingere, -tigī, -tāctustouch at
solium, -ī, n.seat, throne
caelestis, -eheavenly; pl. as noun: the gods
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
placeō, -ēre, placuī, placitum (+ dat.)please (placuit eī: he decided)
vir, virī, m.man
ultimus, -a, -umfarthest, last
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
quīvīs, quaevīs, quodvīsany you like, any whatever
homō, hominis, m.man
adeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo to, approach
sedeō, sedēre, sēdī, sessussit
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
succēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo or come under, follow after, succeed
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
virīliter (adv.)manfully, courageously
atquī (conj.)and yet, but, well then
hīc, adv.here; hereupon
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
nūsquam, adv.nowhere
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
onus, oneris n.load, weight
horreō, -ēre, horruīshudder at, dread
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
corpus, corporis, n.body
subeō, -īre, -iī, -itusgo under; undergo, submit to, sustain, bear, endure
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
virtūs, -tūtis, f.manliness, courage, bravery
nōmen, -minis, n.name (that by which one is known)
inānis, -eempty
decus, -oris n.honour, glory; what is fitting, propriety
pretium, -ī, n.price, charge
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
experior, -īrī, expertus sumtry, test, experience
cōram (adv.)face to face, in person
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
paupertās, -ātis f.poverty, small means
taceō, -ēre, -uī, -itusbe silent
plūs (adv.)more
distō, -ārestand apart, be distant
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
pudenter (adv.)modestly, with restraint
an, conj.or (in questions)
rapiō, -ere, -uī, -tusseize, snatch
caput, capitis, n.head
fōns, fontis, m.fountain, spring
indōtātus, -a, -umwithout a dowry; unhonoured
soror, -ōris, f.sister
pauperculus, -a, -umpoor, needy
māter, mātris, f.mother
fundus, -ī m.bottom, depths
vēndibilis, -esaleable; popular, acceptable
pāscō, pāscere, pāvī, pāstusfeed
firmus, -a, -umstrong, steadfast
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
clāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout, cry out; proclaim
vīctus, -ūs, m.sustenance, food
succinō, -erechime in, join in
dīviduus, -a, -umdivided, parted; divisible, shared out
findō, -ere, fidī, fissussplit, cleave
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
quadra, -ae f.square piece (of bread or cake), slice; table
sed, conj.but
tacitus, -a, -umsilent
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
corvus, -ī m.raven
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
daps, dapis f.sacrificial feast, banquet
rixa, -ae f.brawl, quarrel
minus, comp. adv.less
invidia, -ae f.envy, jealousy, ill will
comes, -itis, m. and f.companion
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
amoenus, -a, -umpleasant, lovely (of places)
queror, -ī, questus sumcomplain
salebra, -ae f.rut, rough road; roughness
acerbus, -a, -umbitter, harsh, painful
imber, imbris, m.rain, shower
cista, -ae f.box, chest; casket
effringō, -ere, -frēgī, -frāctusbreak open, smash
subdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductusdraw up, beach
viāticum, -ī n.travel money, provisions for a journey; savings
plōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusweep aloud, wail
nōtus, -a, -umknown, well-known, famous
meretrīx, -īcis f.prostitute, courtesan
acūmen, -inis n.a point, sting; sharpness of mind, shrewdness
saepe, adv.often, frequently
catella, -ae f.little chain, necklace
periscelis, -idis f.anklet, leg bangle
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
fleō, -ēre, flēvī, flētumweep
mox, adv.soon
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
damnum, -ī, n.harm, injury
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
adsum, adesse, adfuībe present, be at hand
semel (adv.)once (semel atque iterum: again and again)
irrīdeō (inrīdeō), -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsumlaugh at, mock
trivium, -ī n.crossroads, place where three roads meet
attollō, -erelift up, raise
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
crūs, crūris, n.leg
planus, -ī m.impostor, trickster, vagabond cheat
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
mānō, -āre, -āvīflow, trickle; spread
lacrima, -ae, f.tear
sānctus, -a, -umconsecrated, sacred
iūrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusswear; iūs iūrandum, oath
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
lūdō, -ere, lūsī, lūsumplay; mock, deceive
crūdēlis, -ecruel
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
claudus, -a, -umlame, crippled
peregrīnus, -ī, m.stranger, foreigner
vīcīnia, -ae f.neighbourhood; being neighbours
raucus, -a, -umhoarse; harsh-sounding, clanging
reclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusshout back, cry out against, protest; re-echo
Horace, Epistles I. Latin text: H. R. Fairclough, Horace: Satires, Epistles and Ars Poetica (Loeb, 1929), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.