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Cicero · De Senectute

De Senectute 9

Strength, oratory and teaching

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Sen. 9.1Nē nunc quidem vīrīs dēsīderō adulēscentis, is enim erat locus alter dē vitiīs senectūtis, nōn plūs quam adulēscēns taurī aut elephantī dēsīderābam.Not even now do I miss the strength of a young man — for that was the second heading on the faults of old age — any more than as a young man I missed the strength of a bull or an elephant. Sen. 9.1Quod est, eō decet ūtī et quidquid agis agere prō vīribus.What one has, one ought to use, and whatever one does, to do it in proportion to one's strength. Sen. 9.1Quae enim vōx potest esse contemptior quam Milōnis Crotōniātae?For what utterance can be more contemptible than that of Milo of Croton? Sen. 9.1Quī cum iam senex esset athlētāsque sē exercentīs in curriculō vidēret, aspēxisse lacertōs suōs dīcitur illacrimānsque dīxisse, "at hī quidem mortuī iam sunt."When he was already an old man and saw athletes training on the track, he is said to have looked at his own arms and said, weeping, 'But these are already dead.' Sen. 9.1Nōn vērō tam istī, quam tū ipse, nūgātor, neque enim ex tē umquam es nōbilitātus, sed ex lateribus et lacertīs tuīs.Not so much these, indeed, as you yourself, you trifler, for you were never made famous by your own self, but by your lungs and your arms.

Sen. 9.1Nihil Sex. Aelius tāle, nihil multīs annīs ante Ti. Coruncānius, nihil modo P. Crassus, ā quibus iūra cīvibus praescrībēbantur, quōrum ūsque ad extrēmum spīritum est prōvecta prūdentia.Sextus Aelius said nothing of the kind, nor Tiberius Coruncanius many years before, nor Publius Crassus lately, men by whom laws were laid down for the citizens, and whose wisdom was carried on right up to their last breath. Sen. 9.28Ōrātor metuō nē languēscat senectūte, est enim mūnus eius nōn ingenī sōlum, sed laterum etiam et vīrium.The orator, I fear, may grow feeble with old age, for his task is one not of talent alone but also of lungs and strength. Sen. 9.28Omnīnō canōrum illud in vōce splendēscit etiam nesciō quō pactō in senectūte, quod equidem adhūc nōn āmīsī, et vidētis annōs.Yet that musical ring in the voice even gains brilliance, somehow or other, in old age, and I have not yet lost it, and you see my years. Sen. 9.28Sed tamen est decōrus senī sermō quiētus et remissus, facitque persaepe ipsa sibi audientiam disertī senis composita et mītis ōrātiō, quam sī ipse exsequī nequeās, possīs tamen Scīpiōnī praecipere et Laeliō.But still a quiet and relaxed style of speech befits an old man, and very often the composed and gentle speech of an eloquent old man wins a hearing for itself; and if you cannot carry this out yourself, you can still give instruction to Scipio and Laelius.

Sen. 9.28Quid enim est iūcundius senectūte stīpātā studiīs iuventūtis?For what is more pleasant than old age surrounded by the eager attentions of youth? Sen. 9.29An nē illās quidem vīrīs senectūtī relinquimus, ut adulēscentīs doceat, īnstituat, ad omne officī mūnus īnstruat?Or do we not leave old age even the strength to teach young men, to train them, to equip them for every task of duty? Sen. 9.29Quō quidem opere quid potest esse praeclārius?And what work can be more glorious than that? Sen. 9.29Mihi vērō et Cn. et P. Scīpiōnēs et avī tuī duo L. Aemilius et P. Āfricānus comitātū nōbilium iuvenum fortūnātī vidēbantur, nec ūllī bonārum artium magistrī nōn beātī putandī, quamvīs cōnsenuerint vīrēs atque dēfēcerint.To me, indeed, both Gnaeus and Publius Scipio and your two grandfathers, Lucius Aemilius and Publius Africanus, seemed fortunate in their escort of noble young men; nor should any teachers of the liberal arts be thought other than happy, even though their strength has grown old and failed. Sen. 9.29Etsī ipsa ista dēfectiō vīrium adulēscentiae vitiīs efficitur saepius quam senectūte;And yet that very failing of strength is brought about more often by the vices of youth than by old age; Sen. 9.29libīdinōsa enim et intemperāns adulēscentia effētum corpus trādit senectūtī.for a lustful and intemperate youth hands on a worn-out body to old age.

Sen. 9.30Cyrus quidem apud Xenophontem eō sermōne, quem moriēns habuit, cum admodum senex esset, negat sē umquam sēnsisse senectūtem suam imbēcilliōrem factam quam adulēscentia fuisset.Cyrus, indeed, in Xenophon, in the speech he made when dying, at a very great age, says that he never felt that his old age had become any weaker than his youth had been. Sen. 9.30Ego L. Metellum meminī puer, quī, cum quadrienniō post alterum cōnsulātum pontifex maximus factus esset, vīgintī et duōs annōs eī sacerdōtiō praefuit, ita bonīs esse vīribus extrēmō tempore aetātis, ut adulēscentiam nōn requīreret.I remember, when I was a boy, Lucius Metellus, who, having been made chief pontiff four years after his second consulship, presided over that priesthood for twenty-two years, being of such good strength in the last period of his life that he did not miss his youth. Sen. 9.30Nihil necesse est mihi dē mē ipsō dīcere, quamquam est id quidem senīle aetātīque nostrae concēditur.There is no need for me to speak about myself, although that is indeed characteristic of an old man and is allowed to my age.

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Grammar in this passage: ablative absolute ×1, gerunds and gerundives ×1, indirect statement ×3

Latin vocabulary for this passage (177 words)
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
nunc, adv.now
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
vīs, vīs, f.violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main
dēsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslong for, miss; require
adulēscēns, -entis, m.youth, young man
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
enim, conj.for
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
nōn, adv.not
plūs (adv.)more
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
taurus, -ī, m.bull
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
elephantus, -ī m.elephant
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
decet, decēre, decuit (impers.)it is fitting, it is proper
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quisquis, quidquid (quicquid)whoever, whatever
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
vōx, vōcis, f.voice; word
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
contemptus, -a, -umdespised, held in contempt
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
iam, adv.now, already
senex, senis, m.old man
athlēta, -ae m.athlete, competitor in the games
que, enclitic conj.and
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
exerceō, -ercēre, -ercuī, -ercitusexercise
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
curriculum, -ī n.running; race; course, lap
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
aspiciō, -spicere, -spēxī, -spectuslook at or on, behold
lacertus, -ī m.upper arm, arm
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
illacrimō (inlacrimō), -āre, -āvīweep (over), shed tears
at, conj.but
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
morior, morī, mortuusdie
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
tam, adv.so
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
nūgātor, -ōris m.trifler, idle talker, fool; braggart
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
umquam, adv.ever
nōbilitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake famous
sed, conj.but
latus, lateris n.side, flank
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
tālis, -esuch
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
annus, -ī, m.year
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
modo, adv.only
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
cīvis, -is, m. and f.citizen, fellow-citizen, subject
praescrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptumprescribe, dictate
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
spīritus, -ūs m.breath; (pl.) pride, arrogance
prōvehō, -vehere, -vexī, -vectuscarry forward
prūdentia, -ae, f.prudence
ōrātor, -ōris m.speaker; envoy
metuō, -ere, metuīfear, be afraid of
languēscō, -ere, languīgrow faint, wilt, droop; weaken
mūnus, mūneris, n.service, office, duty; present, gift
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
canōrus, -a, -umtuneful, melodious
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
splendēscō, -ere, -splenduībecome bright, begin to shine
nesciō, -scīre, -scīvīnot know, be ignorant; nesciō quis, I know not who, some one or other (nesciō is thus used with other interrogative words also)
pactum, -ī n.agreement; quō pactō: in what way, how
equidem (adv.)indeed, truly; for my part
adhūc, adv.to this point, up to this time, yet, still
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
decōrus, -a, -umhandsome, fine, splendid
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
remissus, -a, -umrelaxed, mild
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
persaepe (adv.)very often
audientia, -ae f.hearing, attention; sibi audientiam facere: gain a hearing
disertus, -a, -umeloquent, skilled in speaking
compōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumput together; mend, set in order
mītis, -emild, gentle (adv. mītissimē: as gently as possible)
ōrātiō, -ōnis, f.speech; ōrātiōnem habēre, to deliver an oration, speak
sī, conj.if
exsequor, -ī, -secūtus sumcarry out, enforce
nequeō, -īre, -īvībe unable, cannot
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
iūcundus, -a, -umsweet, pleasant
stīpō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuscrowd together; surround
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
iuventūs, -ūtis f.youth; the young men
an, conj.or (in questions)
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusdecide upon, determine
omnis, -eall, every
officium, -ī, n.service; duty
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
opus, operis, n.work, task
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
ego, meī, pers. pron.I
avus, -ī, m.grandfather
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
comitātus, -ūs m.escort, retinue, company
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
iuvenis, -is, m.young man, youth
fortūnātus, -a, -umlucky, fortunate, prosperous
ūllus, -a, -umany
bonus, -a, -umgood
ars, artis, f.art
magister, -trī, m.master
beātus, -a, -umhappy, blessed
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
cōnsenēscō, -ere, -senuīgrow old, decay, lose strength
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
dēficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusfail
etsī, conj.even if, although
dēfectiō, -ōnis f.revolt, desertion
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
saepe, adv.often, frequently
libīdinōsus, -a, -umlustful, licentious; wilful
intemperāns, -antisimmoderate, unrestrained, self-indulgent
effētus, -a, -umworn out, exhausted (as by bearing young)
corpus, corporis, n.body
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
apud, prep, with acc.among, with
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
admodum (adv.)very, quite
negō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussay no or not, deny, refuse
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
imbēcillus, -a, -umweak, feeble
meminī, meminisseremember
puer, puerī, m.boy
quadriennium, -ī n.period of four years
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
cōnsulātus, -ūs m.consulship
pontifex, -icis m.priest, pontiff (pontifex maximus: chief priest of Rome)
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
sacerdōtium, -ī n.priesthood
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
aetās, -tātis, f.age
requīrō, -ere, -quīsīvī, -quīsītuslook for, ask after; need
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
quamquam, conj.however much, although
senīlis, -eof an old man, aged
noster, -tra, -trumour
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
Cicero, De Senectute. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.