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Cicero · De Senectute

De Senectute 2

Why Cato bears old age lightly

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Sen. 2.1SCĪPIŌ.SCIPIO. Sen. 2.1Saepe numerō admīrārī soleō cum hōc C. Laeliō cum cēterārum rērum tuam excellentem, M. Catō, perfectamque sapientiam, tum vel maximē quod numquam tibi senectūtem gravem esse sēnserim, quae plērīsque senibus sīc odiōsa est, ut onus sē Aetnā gravius dīcant sustinēre.Often, together with Gaius Laelius here, I am accustomed to wonder, Marcus Cato, both at your outstanding and perfect wisdom in all other matters and above all at this, that I have never noticed old age being burdensome to you, though it is so hateful to most old men that they say they bear a weight heavier than Etna. Sen. 2.1CATŌ.CATO. Sen. 2.1Rem haud sānē, Scīpiō et Laelī, difficilem admīrārī vidēminī.It is no very difficult thing, Scipio and Laelius, that you seem to wonder at. Sen. 2.1Quibus enim nihil est in ipsīs opis ad bene beātēque vīvendum, eīs omnis aetās gravis est;For those who have no resource within themselves for living well and happily, every age is burdensome; Sen. 2.1quī autem omnia bona ā sē ipsī petunt, eīs nihil potest malum vidērī quod nātūrae necessitās afferat.but those who seek all good things from themselves can think nothing evil that the necessity of nature brings.

Sen. 2.1Quō in genere est in prīmīs senectūs, quam ut adipīscantur omnēs optant, eandem accūsant adeptam ;In this class first of all is old age, which all men wish to reach, and yet, once they have reached it, they find fault with it; Sen. 2.1tanta est stultitiae incōnstantia atque perversitās.so great is the inconsistency and perversity of folly. Sen. 2.1Obrēpere aiunt eam citius quam putāssent.They say that it creeps upon them sooner than they had thought. Sen. 2.1Prīmum quis coēgit eōs falsum putāre?First, who forced them to think falsely? Sen. 2.1Quī enim citius adulēscentiae senectūs quam pueritiae adulēscentia obrēpit?For how does old age creep upon youth more quickly than youth upon childhood? Sen. 2.1Deinde quī minus gravis esset eīs senectūs, sī octingentēsimum annum agerent, quam sī octōgēsimum?Next, how would old age be less burdensome to them if they were living their eight-hundredth year than if they were living their eightieth? Sen. 2.1Praeterita enim aetās quamvīs longa, cum efflūxisset, nūllā cōnsōlātiōne permulcēre posset stultam senectūtem.For past time, however long, once it had flowed away, could not soothe a foolish old age with any consolation.

Sen. 2.5Quōcircā sī sapientiam meam admīrārī solētis, quae utinam digna esset opīniōne vestrā nostrōque cognōmine, in hōc sumus sapientēs, quod nātūram optimam ducem tamquam deum sequimur eīque pārēmus;Therefore, if you are accustomed to wonder at my wisdom — and I wish it were worthy of your opinion and of my surname — I am wise in this, that I follow nature, the best of guides, as a god, and obey her; Sen. 2.5ā quā nōn vērī simile est, cum cēterae partēs aetātis bene discrīptae sint, extrēmum āctum tamquam ab inertī poētā esse neglēctum.and it is not likely that, when the other parts of life have been well laid out, the last act has been neglected by her as if by a lazy poet. Sen. 2.5Sed tamen necesse fuit esse aliquid extrēmum et, tamquam in arborum bācīs terraeque frūctibus, mātūritāte tempestīvā quasi viētum et cadūcum, quod ferendum est molliter sapientī.But still there had to be something final and, as with the berries of trees and the fruits of the earth, something withered, as it were, and ready to fall in its timely ripeness, which the wise man must bear with a calm mind.

Sen. 2.5Quid est enim aliud gigantum modō bellāre cum dīs nisi nātūrae repugnāre?For what else is it to war with the gods after the manner of the Giants but to fight against nature? Sen. 2.6LAELIUS.LAELIUS. Sen. 2.6Atquī, Catō, grātissimum nōbīs, ut etiam prō Scīpiōne pollicear, fēceris, sī, quoniam spērāmus, volumus quidem certē, senēs fierī, multō ante ā tē didicerimus quibus facillimē ratiōnibus ingravēscentem aetātem ferre possīmus.And yet, Cato, you will do us a very great kindness — I may promise for Scipio too — if, since we hope, or at least certainly wish, to become old men, we learn from you long beforehand by what methods we can most easily bear the growing weight of age. Sen. 2.6CATŌ.CATO. Sen. 2.6Faciam vērō, Laelī, praesertim sī utrīque vestrum, ut dīcis, grātum futūrum est.I will indeed, Laelius, especially if, as you say, it is going to be welcome to each of you. Sen. 2.6LAELIUS.LAELIUS. Sen. 2.6Volumus sānē, nisi molestum est, Catō, tamquam longam aliquam viam cōnfēcerīs, quam nōbīs quoque ingrediendum sit, istuc, quō pervēnistī, vidēre quāle sit.We do indeed wish, Cato, unless it is troublesome, to see what sort of place it is that you have reached, as though you had completed some long road which we too must set out upon.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×3, purpose clauses ×1

Latin vocabulary for this passage (177 words)
saepe, adv.often, frequently
numerō (adv.)in number (saepe numerō: very often)
admīror, -mīrārī, -mīrātuswonder at, admire
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
cum, prep, with abl.with
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cēterī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.the other, the remaining, the rest of
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
tuus, -a, -umthy, thine, your
excellēns, -entisoutstanding, excellent
perfectus, -a, -umcomplete, perfect; blameless
que, enclitic conj.and
sapientia, -ae f.wisdom, good sense
tum, adv.then, at that time
velor; vel … vel: either … or
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
quod, conj.that, in that, because
numquam, adv.never
tū, tuī, pers. pron.thou, you
senectūs, -tūtis f.old age
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
sentiō, sentīre, sēnsī, sēnsusperceive, feel
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
senex, senis, m.old man
sīc, adv.so, thus
odiōsus, -a, -umhateful, offensive, tiresome
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
onus, oneris n.load, weight
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
sānē, adv.certainly, by all means; very
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
enim, conj.for
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
bene, adv.well; successfully
beātē (adv.)happily, blessedly
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
omnis, -eall, every
aetās, -tātis, f.age
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
bonum, -ī n.a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
petō, -ere, -īvī or -iī, -ītusseek, ask; attack
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
malum, -ī, n.evil, mischief
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
necessitās, -ātis f.necessity, compulsion
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
optō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswish for, desire; pray for
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
accūsō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumblame, accuse
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
stultitia, -ae f.folly, foolishness
incōnstantia, -ae f.fickleness, inconsistency, changeableness
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
perversitās, -ātis f.perversity, wrong-headedness
obrēpō, -ere, -rēpsī, -rēptumcreep up on, steal over
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
citō (adv.; comp. citius)quickly, soon; citius: more quickly, without delay
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
falsus, -a, -umfeigned, pretended, false
adulēscentia, -ae, f.youth
pueritia, -ae, f.boyhood
deinde, adv.then, next
minus, comp. adv.less
sī, conj.if
octingentēsimus, -a, -umeight-hundredth
annus, -ī, m.year
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
octōgēsimus (octōgēnsimus), -a, -umeightieth
praeteritus, -a, -umpast (praeterita: the past)
quamvīs (adv.)however much, as … as you like
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
effluō, -fluere, -flūxīflow out; slip away, be lost
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
cōnsōlātiō, -ōnis f.comfort, consolation, encouragement
permulceō, -ēre, -mulsī, -mulsussoothe, calm, charm
stultus, -a, -umfoolish, stupid
quōcircā (adv.)for which reason, therefore
meus, -a, -ummy, mine
utinam (adv.)if only, would that (with subjunctive)
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
vester, -tra, -trumyour
noster, -tra, -trumour
cognōmen, -inis n.surname, added name, nickname
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
bonus, -a, -umgood
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
deus, -ī, m.god
sequor, sequī, secūtusfollow
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
nōn, adv.not
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
similis, -elike, similar (vērī similis: likely)
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
discrībō, -ere, -scrīpsī, -scrīptusdivide up, assign, allot
extrēmus, -a, -umlast, extreme, furthest
āctus, -ūs m.proceeding, course of action, procedure
iners, -ertissluggish, idle, unmanly
poēta, -ae, m.poet
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
sed, conj.but
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
arbor, -oris, f.tree
bāca, -ae f.berry; olive
terra, -ae, f.land, earth
frūctus, -ūs, m.enjoyment; fruit
mātūritās, -ātis f.ripeness, full development
tempestīvus, -a, -umtimely; convīvium tempestīvum: a party that starts early (before the usual hour)
quasi, conj.as if
viētus, -a, -umshrivelled, withered
cadūcus, -a, -umfalling, fallen; doomed
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
molliter (adv.)softly, gently; in comfort, luxuriously
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
gigās, -antis m.giant
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
bellō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumwage war, fight
nisi, conj.if not, unless
repugnō, -pugnāre, -pugnāvī, -pugnātusfight against, struggle, resist
atquī (conj.)and yet, but, well then
grātus, -a, -umpleasing, grateful
nōsplur. of ego
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
polliceor, -licērī, -licituspromise
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
quoniam, conj.since now, since
spērō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushope
volō, velle, voluīwish
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
certē (adv.)certainly, surely; at any rate
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
multō, adv.by much or far, much, far
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
discō, discere, didicīlearn
quī, quae, quod, interrog. pron. adj.what?
facile, adv.easily
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
ingravēscō, -eregrow heavier; grow worse
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
praesertim (adv.)especially
uterque, utraque, utrumqueeach, either, both
vōsplur. of tū
molestus, -a, -umtroublesome; molestus esse (+ dat.), to bother
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
via, -ae, f.road, way
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
quoque, adv.also
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
iste, ista, istud, dem. pron.that of yours, that
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
perveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome through, come, arrive, reach
quālis, -eof what sort? what kind of?
Cicero, De Senectute. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.