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Cicero · De Officiis I

De Officiis 1.26

Restraint in prosperity; private greatness

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Off. 1.26.1Atque etiam in rēbus prosperīs et ad voluntātem nostram fluentibus superbiam magnopere, fastīdium arrogantiamque fugiāmus.And in prosperity too, when things flow according to our wishes, let us strenuously avoid pride, disdain and arrogance. Off. 1.26.1Nam ut adversās rēs, sīc secundās immoderātē ferre levitātis est, praeclāraque est aequābilitās in omnī vītā et īdem semper vultus eademque frōns, ut dē Sōcrate itemque dē C. Laeliō accēpimus.For to bear prosperity immoderately, as well as adversity, is the mark of a shallow man, and admirable is an even temper throughout life, always the same expression and the same brow, as we have heard of Socrates and likewise of Gaius Laelius. Off. 1.26.1Philippum quidem, Macedonum rēgem, rēbus gestīs et glōriā superātum ā fīliō, facilitāte et hūmānitāte videō superiōrem fuisse;Philip, king of the Macedonians, I observe, though surpassed by his son in achievements and glory, was his superior in affability and humanity; Off. 1.26.1itaque alter semper magnus, alter saepe turpissimus;and so the one was always great, the other often most disgraceful; Off. 1.26.1ut rēctē praecipere videantur, quī monent, ut, quantō superiōrēs sīmus, tantō nōs gerāmus summissius.so that those who advise that the higher we stand, the more humbly we should conduct ourselves, seem to give right counsel.

Off. 1.26.1Panaetius quidem Āfricānum, audītōrem et familiārem suum, solitum ait dīcere, "ut equōs propter crēbrās contentiōnēs proeliōrum ferōcitāte exsultantēs domitōribus trādere soleant, ut iīs faciliōribus possint ūtī, sīc hominēs secundīs rēbus effrēnātōs sibique praefīdentēs tamquam in gȳrum ratiōnis et doctrīnae dūcī oportēre, ut perspicerent rērum hūmānārum imbēcillitātem varietātemque fortūnae."Panaetius says that Africanus, his pupil and friend, used to say: 'just as men hand over to trainers horses that have grown wild and spirited from frequent clashes of battle, so that they may find them more manageable to use, so men who are unbridled by prosperity and overconfident in themselves ought to be led, as it were, into the training ring of reason and learning, so that they may see clearly the frailty of human affairs and the fickleness of fortune.' Off. 1.26.91Atque etiam in secundissimīs rēbus maximē est ūtendum cōnsiliō amīcōrum iīsque maior etiam quam ante tribuenda auctōritās.And also in the greatest prosperity we should make the fullest use of the advice of friends, and grant them even more authority than before. Off. 1.26.91Īsdemque temporibus cavendum est, nē assentātōribus patefaciāmus aurīs nēve adūlārī nōs sināmus, in quō fallī facile est;And at such times we must take care not to open our ears to flatterers or allow ourselves to be fawned upon, for in this it is easy to be deceived; Off. 1.26.91tālēs enim nōs esse putāmus, ut iūre laudēmur;for we think we are such as to deserve praise by right; Off. 1.26.91ex quō nāscuntur innumerābilia peccāta, cum hominēs īnflātī opīniōnibus turpiter irrīdentur et in maximīs versantur errōribus.from this arise countless errors, when men puffed up with conceit are shamefully mocked and are caught up in the greatest mistakes.

Off. 1.26.91Sed haec quidem hāctenus.But enough of this. Off. 1.26.92Illud autem sīc est iūdicandum, maximās gerī rēs et maximī animī ab iīs, quī rēs pūblicās regant, quod eārum administrātiō lātissimē pateat ad plūrimōsque pertineat;This, however, is how one should judge: that the greatest affairs, and those calling for the greatest spirit, are conducted by those who govern states, because their administration extends most widely and concerns the greatest number; Off. 1.26.92esse autem magnī animī et fuisse multōs etiam in vītā ōtiōsā, quī aut investīgārent aut cōnārentur magna quaedam sēsēque suārum rērum fīnibus continērent aut interiectī inter philosophōs et eōs, quī rem pūblicam administrārent, dēlectārentur rē suā familiārī nōn eam quidem omnī ratiōne exaggerantēs neque exclūdentēs ab eius ūsū suōs potiusque et amīcīs impertientēs et reī pūblicae, sī quandō ūsus esset.but that there are, and have been, many men of great spirit in a life of leisure too, who either investigated or attempted some great things and kept themselves within the bounds of their own affairs, or, placed midway between philosophers and those who govern the state, took pleasure in managing their own property, not indeed heaping it up by every means, nor shutting their own people out from its use, but rather sharing it with their friends and with the state, whenever there was need.

Off. 1.26.92Quae prīmum bene parta sit nūllō neque turpī quaestū neque odiōsō, deinde augeātur ratiōne, dīligentiā, parsimōniā, tum quam plūrimīs, modo dignīs, sē ūtilem praebeat nec libīdinī potius luxuriaeque quam līberālitātī et beneficentiae pāreat.This property should first be well acquired, by no gain either shameful or hateful; then it should be increased by good sense, diligence and thrift; then it should make itself useful to as many as possible, provided they are worthy, and should obey liberality and beneficence rather than lust and luxury. Off. 1.26.92Haec praescrīpta servantem licet magnificē, graviter animōsēque vīvere atque etiam simpliciter, fidēliter, ° vērē hominum amīcē.One who keeps these rules may live magnificently, with dignity and with spirit, and also simply, faithfully, as a true friend of mankind.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×2, ablative absolute ×1, purpose clauses ×2, gerunds and gerundives ×4

Latin vocabulary for this passage (195 words)
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
prosperus, -a, -umfavourable, successful, prosperous
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
voluntās, -tātis, f.wish, will
noster, -tra, -trumour
fluō, -ere, flūxīflow
superbia, -ae f.pride, arrogance
magnopere, adv.greatly, very much, exceedingly; earnestly
fastīdium, -ī n.disdain, scorn, haughtiness; loathing, squeamishness; discomfort
arrogantia, -ae f.arrogance
que, enclitic conj.and
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
nam, conj.for
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
sīc, adv.so, thus
secundus, -a, -umfollowing, favorable
immoderātē (adv.)without restraint, wildly
ferō, ferre, tulī, lātusbear, bring
levitās, -ātis f.lightness; fickleness
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
praeclārus, -clāra, -clārumvery bright; splendid, remarkable, famous
aequābilitās, -ātis f.evenness, uniformity; fairness, impartiality
omnis, -eall, every
vīta, -ae, f.life
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
semper, adv.always
vultus, -ūs m.face, expression
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
itemlikewise, also
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
rēx, rēgis, m.king
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
glōria, -ae, f.glory
superō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusovercome, defeat, conquer
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
fīlius, -ī, m.son
facilitās, -ātis f.easiness of manner, good nature, approachability
hūmānitās, -tātis f.culture, refinement
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
saepe, adv.often, frequently
turpis, -edisgraceful
rēctē (adv.)rightly, properly; safely
praecipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake beforehand, anticipate; order, charge
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
moneō, -ēre, -uī, -ituswarn
quantus, -a, -umhow great or much?
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
nōsplur. of ego
summissē (submissē) (adv.)quietly, modestly, humbly; (comp.) summissius
audītor, -ōris m.listener, hearer; pupil; reader
familiāris, -e; as noun, -is m.of the household (rēs familiāris: private property); friend
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
soleō, -ēre, solitus sumbe accustomed, usually do
āiō (defective)say, affirm; ut aiunt: as they say
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
equus, -ī, m.horse
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
contentiō, -ōnis f.struggle, dispute
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
ferōcitās, -ātis f.fierceness, boldness, high spirit
exsultō, -āre, -āvīleap up; exult, revel, run riot
domitor, -ōris m.tamer, breaker (of horses); conqueror
trādō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive across, over, or up, deliver; hand down, relate, report
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
homō, hominis, m.man
effrēnātus, -a, -umunbridled, unrestrained
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
praefīdō, -erebe overconfident; sibi praefīdere: trust too much in oneself
tamquam (adv., conj.)as, just as; as if
gȳrus, -ī m.circle, ring; circuit, wheeling course
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
doctrīna, -ae f.teaching
dūcō, dūcere, dūxī, ductuslead; make, dig; with or without in mātrimōnium, marry
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
perspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumsee clearly, observe
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
imbēcillitās, -ātis f.weakness, feebleness
varietās, -ātis f.variety; mottled color
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
tribuō, -ere, tribuī, tribūtumassign, attribute
auctōritās, -tātis f.influence, authority, prestige
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
assentātor (adsentātor), -ōris m.flatterer, yes-man
patefaciō, -facere, -fēcī, -factusthrow, or lay open, open
auris, -is, f.ear
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
adūlor, -ārī, -ātus sumflatter, fawn upon
sinō, -ere, sīvī, situsallow, permit, let
fallō, fallere, fefellī, falsusdeceive
facile, adv.easily
tālis, -esuch
enim, conj.for
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
iūs, iūris, n.right, justice, law; iūs dīcere, to pronounce judgment; iūs iūrandum, iūris iūrandī, oath
laudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
innumerābilis, -ecountless
peccātum, -ī n.fault, sin
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
īnflō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusblow into; inspire
opīniō, -ōnis, f.opinion, expectation; reputation
turpiter (adv.)shamefully, disgracefully
irrīdeō (inrīdeō), -ēre, -rīsī, -rīsumlaugh at, mock
versō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusturn about; (pass. or reflexive) move about, be engaged
error, -ōris m.wandering; mistake, error
sed, conj.but
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
hāctenus (adv.)thus far, up to this point; so much (and no more)
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
quod, conj.that, in that, because
administrātiō, -ōnis f.management, use; working, operation
lātēwidely
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
ōtiōsus, -a, -umat leisure, quiet; as noun: a peaceful citizen
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
investīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātustrack down, search out
cōnor, -ārī, -ātustry, attempt
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
contineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold together, keep within, shut up in; bound
intericiō, -ere, -iēcī, -iectumput between, interweave
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
philosophus, -ī m.philosopher
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
nōn, adv.not
exaggerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusheap up; enlarge, increase
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
exclūdō, -clūdere, -clūsī, -clūsusshut out, hinder, prevent
ūsus, -ūs, m.use; experience
potius (adv.)rather
impertiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusgive a share of, bestow
sī, conj.if
quandō (adv.)when; (after sī) ever
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
bene, adv.well; successfully
pariō, -ere, peperī, partusbring forth; win, gain
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
quaestus, -ūs m.gain, profit
odiōsus, -a, -umhateful, offensive, tiresome
deinde, adv.then, next
augeō, -ēre, auxī, auctumincrease, enlarge
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
parsimōnia, -ae f.thrift, frugality
tum, adv.then, at that time
modo, adv.only
dignus, -a, -um (+ abl.)worthy (of), deserving
ūtilis, -euseful, advantageous
praebeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushold forth, supply, furnish, give; show, present, exhibit
libīdō, -inis f.desire, lust; caprice
luxuria, -ae f.luxury
līberālitās, -ātis f.generosity
beneficentia, -ae f.kindness, beneficence
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
praescrīptum, -ī n.order, rule
servō, -āre, -āvī, -ātussave, preserve
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
magnificē, adv.splendidly
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
animōsē (adv.)boldly, courageously, with spirit
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
simpliciter (adv.)simply, plainly, frankly
fidēliter, adv.faithfully, loyally
vērē (adv.)truly, really
amīcē (adv.)in a friendly way
Cicero, De Officiis I. Latin text: W. Miller, Cicero: De Officiis (Loeb, 1913), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.