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Cicero · De Officiis I

De Officiis 1.21

Public life and the life of leisure

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Off. 1.21.1Quārē cum hoc commūne sit potentiae cupidōrum cum iīs, quōs dīxī, ōtiōsīs, alterī sē adipīscī id posse arbitrantur, sī opēs magnās habeant, alterī, sī contentī sint et suō et parvō.Therefore, since those who are eager for power have this in common with those men of leisure whom I mentioned, the one group think they can attain it if they have great wealth, the other if they are content with their own and with little. Off. 1.21.1In quō neutrōrum omnīnō contemnenda sententia est, sed et facilior et tūtior et minus aliīs gravis aut molesta vīta est ōtiōsōrum, frūctuōsior autem hominum generī et ad clāritātem amplitūdinemque aptior eōrum, quī sē ad rem pūblicam et ad magnās rēs gerendās accommodāvērunt.In this the opinion of neither group is wholly to be despised; but the life of men of leisure is easier and safer and less burdensome or troublesome to others, while the life of those who have applied themselves to the state and to the conduct of great affairs is more fruitful for the human race and better suited to fame and greatness. Off. 1.21.71Quāpropter et iīs forsitan concēdendum sit rem pūblicam nōn capessentibus, quī excellentī ingeniō doctrīnae sēsē dēdidērunt, et iīs, quī aut valētūdinis imbēcillitāte aut aliquā graviōre causā impedītī ā rē pūblicā recessērunt, cum eius administrandae potestātem aliīs laudemque concēderent.Wherefore perhaps we should grant this to those who do not take part in public affairs, who with outstanding talent have devoted themselves to learning, and to those who, hindered either by weakness of health or by some weightier cause, have withdrawn from the state, conceding to others the power and the credit of running it.

Off. 1.21.71Quibus autem tālis nūlla sit causa, sī dēspicere sē dīcant ea, quae plērīque mīrentur, imperia et magistrātūs, iīs nōn modo nōn laudī, vērum etiam vitiō dandum putō;But those who have no such cause, if they say that they despise what most people admire, commands and magistracies, should, I think, have this counted not only as no credit to them but even as a fault; Off. 1.21.71quōrum iūdicium in eō, quod glōriam contemnant et prō nihilō putent, difficile factū est nōn probāre;their judgement, in so far as they despise glory and count it as nothing, is difficult not to approve; Off. 1.21.71sed videntur labōrēs et molestiās, tum offēnsiōnum et repulsārum quasi quandam ignōminiam timēre et īnfāmiam.but they seem to fear toils and troubles, and also the disgrace, as it were, and infamy of offence and defeat at the polls. Off. 1.21.71Sunt enim, quī in rēbus contrāriīs parum sibi cōnstent, voluptātem sevērissimē contemnant, in dolōre sint molliōrēs, glōriam neglegant, frangantur īnfāmiā, atque eā quidem nōn satis cōnstanter.For there are those who in opposite circumstances are hardly consistent with themselves: they despise pleasure most sternly, but are too soft in pain; they disregard glory, but are broken by ill repute, and that too with no great consistency.

Off. 1.21.72Sed iīs, quī habent ā nātūrā adiūmenta rērum gerendārum, abiectā omnī cūnctātiōne adipīscendī magistrātūs et gerenda rēs pūblica est;But those who have from nature the gifts for managing affairs should cast off all hesitation and seek magistracies and take part in governing the state; Off. 1.21.72nec enim aliter aut regī cīvitās aut dēclārārī animī magnitūdō potest.for in no other way can a state be governed or greatness of spirit be displayed. Off. 1.21.72Capessentibus autem rem pūblicam nihilō minus quam philosophīs, haud sciō an magis etiam et magnificentia et dēspicientia adhibenda est rērum hūmānārum, quam saepe dīcō, et tranquillitās animī atque sēcūritās, sīquidem nec ānxiī futūrī sunt et cum gravitāte cōnstantiāque vīctūrī.Those who take up public affairs, moreover, no less than philosophers, and perhaps even more, must bring to it both magnificence and that disdain for human things of which I often speak, and tranquillity of mind and freedom from care, if indeed they are to be free from anxiety and to live with dignity and constancy. Off. 1.21.73Quae faciliōra sunt philosophīs, quō minus multa patent in eōrum vītā, quae fortūna feriat, et quō minus multīs rēbus egent, et quia, sī quid adversī ēveniat, tam graviter cadere nōn possunt.These things are easier for philosophers, in that fewer things in their lives lie open for fortune to strike, and in that they need fewer things, and because, if anything adverse should happen, they cannot fall so heavily.

Off. 1.21.73Quōcircā nōn sine causā maiōrēs mōtūs animōrum concitantur maiōraque studia efficiendī rem pūblicam gerentibus quam quiētīs, quō magis iīs et magnitūdō est animī adhibenda et vacuitās ab angōribus.Therefore, not without reason, greater passions are stirred in the minds of those who govern the state than of those at rest, and greater zeal for achievement, so that they all the more must bring both greatness of spirit and freedom from anxieties. Off. 1.21.73Ad rem gerendam autem quī accēdit, caveat, nē id modo cōnsīderet, quam illa rēs honesta sit, sed etiam ut habeat efficiendī facultātem;But whoever approaches public affairs should take care not to consider only how honourable the undertaking is, but also whether he has the ability to carry it through; Off. 1.21.73in quō ipsō cōnsīderandum est, nē aut temerē dēspēret propter ignāviam aut nimis cōnfīdat propter cupiditātem.and in this very point he must take care that he neither despairs rashly from cowardice nor is overconfident from ambition. Off. 1.21.73In omnibus autem negōtiīs, prius quam aggrediāre, adhibenda est praeparātiō dīligēns.In all undertakings, moreover, before you set about them, careful preparation must be applied.

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Grammar in this passage: indirect statement ×3, gerunds and gerundives ×15, ablative absolute ×2

Latin vocabulary for this passage (191 words)
quārē (adv.)why; for which reason
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
potentia, -ae f.power, influence
cupidus, -a, -umdesirous, eager
cum, prep, with abl.with
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
ōtiōsus, -a, -umat leisure, quiet; as noun: a peaceful citizen
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
arbitror, -ārī, -ātusconsider, think, judge
sī, conj.if
ops, opis f.; pl. opēs, -umhelp; (pl.) resources, wealth, power
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
contentus, -a, -umcontent, satisfied (+ abl.)
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
parvus, -a, -umlittle, small
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
neuter, neutra, neutrumneither
omnīnō, adv.altogether, wholly, entirely
contemnō, -ere, -tempsī, -temptusdespise, scorn, think little of
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
sed, conj.but
facilis, -e (comp. facilior)easy
tūtus, -a, -umsafe
minus, comp. adv.less
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
gravis, -eheavy; severe, grievous, serious
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
molestus, -a, -umtroublesome; molestus esse (+ dat.), to bother
vīta, -ae, f.life
frūctuōsus, -a, -umfruitful, productive
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
homō, hominis, m.man
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
clāritās, -ātis f.brightness; renown, glory
amplitūdō, -inis f.size, greatness
que, enclitic conj.and
aptus, -a, -umfit, suited
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
accommodō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfit, adjust, put on
quāpropter (adv.)for which reason, wherefore
forsitan (adv.)perhaps
concēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgrant, yield
nōn, adv.not
capessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītustake hold of; rem pūblicam capessere: go into public life
excellō, -erebe superior, excel
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
doctrīna, -ae f.teaching
dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusgive away or up
valētūdō, -inis f.health, state of health; ill health
imbēcillitās, -ātis f.weakness, feebleness
aliquī, -qua, -quod, indef. pron. adj.some, any
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
recēdō, -ere, -cessī, -cessumgo back, withdraw, retire
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
potestās, -ātis f.power, authority
laus, laudis f.praise, glory
tālis, -esuch
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
dēspiciō, -ere, -spexī, -spectumlook down on, despise
plērīque, plēraeque, plēraquemost, very many
mīror, -ārī, -ātuswonder, wonder at
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
magistrātus, -ūs m.magistrate, official
modo, adv.only
vērum (conj.)but, but in fact; nōn modo ... vērum etiam: not only ... but also
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
vitium, -ī n.fault, vice
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
putō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusthink
iūdicium, -ī n.trial, court; judgment
quod, conj.that, in that, because
glōria, -ae, f.glory
prō, prep. with abl.before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for
nihilum, -ī n.nothing; nihilō sētius: none the less
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
molestia, -ae, f.annoyance
tum, adv.then, at that time
offēnsiō, -ōnis f.offence, hurt feelings
repulsa, -ae f.defeat in an election, rejection
quasi, conj.as if
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
ignōminia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
timeō, -ēre, -uīfear
īnfāmia, -ae f.disgrace, dishonor
enim, conj.for
contrārius, -a, -umopposite, facing
parum (comp. minus, superl. minimē)too little; minimē: least, not at all
cōnstō, -stāre, -stitī, -stātūrusstand together, agree; consist;
voluptās, -tātis, f.pleasure
sevērē (adv.; comp. sevērius)strictly, sternly
dolor, -ōris, m.pain, grief; anger
mollis, -esoft, weak
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
frangō, frangere, frēgī, frāctusbreak; dash to pieces, wreck
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
cōnstanter (adv.)steadily, consistently
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
adiūmentum, -ī n.help, aid, support
abiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow away
omnis, -eall, every
cūnctātiō, -ōnis f.delay, hesitation
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
aliter, adv.in another way, otherwise, differently
regō, -ere, rēxī, rēctumguide, steer, rule
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
dēclārō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummake clear, declare
animus, -ī, m.mind; heart; spirit, courage
magnitūdō, -tūdinis, f.greatness, size
nihilō (adv.)by nothing; nihilō minus: none the less, nevertheless
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
philosophus, -ī m.philosopher
haud, adv.not at all, by no means, not
sciō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusknow
an, conj.or (in questions)
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
magnificentia, -ae, f.splendor, magnificence
dēspicientia, -ae f.contempt, disdain, looking down on
adhibeō, -hibēre, -hibuī, -hibitushold to, employ, show
hūmānus, -a, -umof man, human
saepe, adv.often, frequently
tranquillitās, -tātis, f.calm
sēcūritās, -ātis f.freedom from care, composure
sīquidem (conj.)if indeed; since
ānxius, -a, -umanxious
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
vīvō, vīvere, vīxī, vīctuslive
quō, adv.to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long?
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
pateō, -ēre, -uīlie open; extend, stretch
fortūna, -ae, f.fortune
feriō, -īrestrike, hit
egeō, -ēre, eguī (+ abl. or gen.)need, lack, be in want of
quia (conj.)because
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
ēveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome out; turn out, happen, befall
tam, adv.so
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
cadō, cadere, cecidī, cāsūrusfall
quōcircā (adv.)for which reason, therefore
sine, prep. with abl.without
mōtus, -ūs m.motion, movement; uprising
concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusstir up, rouse
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
quiētus, -a, -umquiet, at peace, calm
vacuitās, -ātis f.freedom (from), absence of; emptiness
angor, -ōris m.anguish, distress, mental torment
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
caveō, cavēre, cāvī, cautusbeware, take care; be on one's guard against, beware of
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
cōnsīderō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslook at closely, consider, think over
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
honestus, -a, -umrespected, honourable
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
facultās, -tātis, f.possibility, opportunity, chance, means
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
temerē, adv.rashly
dēspērō, -spērāre, -spērāvī, -spērātusdespair
propter, prep. with acc.on account of, because of
ignāvia, -ae f.laziness; cowardice
nimis (adv.)too much, too
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
cupiditās, -tātis, f.desire, longing, eagerness
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
prius, adv.before, first
aggredior, -ī, aggressus sumattack
praeparātiō, -ōnis f.preparation
dīligēns, -entiscareful, attentive, conscientious
Cicero, De Officiis I. Latin text: W. Miller, Cicero: De Officiis (Loeb, 1913), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.