Off. 1.12.1Equidem etiam illud animadvertō, quod, quī propriō nōmine perduellis esset, is hostis vocārētur, lēnitāte verbī reī trīstitiam mītigātam.I also observe this: that one who properly would be called perduellis, a public foe, was called hostis, the harshness of the thing being softened by the gentleness of the word. Off. 1.12.1Hostis enim apud maiōrēs nostrōs is dīcēbātur, quem nunc peregrīnum dīcimus.For among our ancestors that man was called hostis whom we now call peregrinus, a foreigner. Off. 1.12.1Indicant duodecim tabulae: "aut status diēs cum hoste," itemque: "adversus hostem aeterna auctōritās."The Twelve Tables show this: 'or a day appointed with a hostis', and likewise: 'against a hostis the right of ownership is everlasting'. Off. 1.12.1Quid ad hanc mānsuētūdinem addī potest, eum, quīcum bellum gerās, tam mollī nōmine appellāre?What can be added to such gentleness as this, to call the one with whom you are at war by so mild a name? Off. 1.12.1Quamquam id nōmen dūrius effēcit iam vetustās;And yet long usage has now made that name harsher; Off. 1.12.1ā peregrīnō enim recessit et propriē in eō, quī arma contrā ferret, remānsit.for it has moved away from the foreigner and remained, in its proper sense, with one who bears arms against us.
Off. 1.12.38Cum vērō dē imperiō dēcertātur bellōque quaeritur glōria, causās omnīnō subesse tamen oportet eāsdem, quās dīxī paulō ante iūstās causās esse bellōrum.But when the contest is for empire and glory is sought by war, there must still be wholly present the same causes which I said a little before are the just causes of wars. Off. 1.12.38Sed ea bella, quibus imperiī prōposita glōria est, minus acerbē gerenda sunt Ut enim cum cīvī aliter contendimus, sī est inimīcus, aliter, sī competītor (cum alterō certāmen honōris et dignitātis est, cum alterō capitis et fāmae), sīc cum Celtiberīs, cum Cimbrīs bellum ut cum inimīcīs gerēbātur, uter esset, nōn uter imperāret, cum Latīnīs, Sabīnīs, Samnītibus, Poenīs, Pyrrhō dē imperiō dīmicābātur.But those wars in which the glory of empire is the aim must be waged less bitterly. For just as we contend with a fellow citizen in one way if he is a personal enemy, in another if he is a rival (with the latter the struggle is for office and standing, with the former for life and reputation), so the wars with the Celtiberians and the Cimbrians were waged as with enemies, over which should survive, not which should rule, whereas with the Latins, Sabines, Samnites, Carthaginians and Pyrrhus the struggle was for empire.
Off. 1.12.38Poenī foedifragī, crūdēlis Hannibal, reliquī iūstiōrēs.The Carthaginians were treaty-breakers, Hannibal was cruel, the rest were more just. Off. 1.12.38Pyrrhī quidem dē captīvīs reddendīs illa praeclāra: " Nec mī aurum poscō nec mī pretium dederītis, Nec caupōnantēs bellum, sed belligerantēs Ferrō, nōn aurō vītam cernāmus utrīque.Pyrrhus' words about returning the prisoners are certainly noble: 'I ask no gold for myself, nor shall you pay me any price; not huckstering war but waging it, let us both decide our lives with iron, not with gold. Off. 1.12.38Vōsne velit an mē regnāre era, quidve ferat Fors, Virtūte experiāmur.Whether the mistress Fortune wills that you or I should reign, or what Chance may bring, let us test by valour. Off. 1.12.38Et hoc simul accipe dictum: Quōrum virtūtī bellī fortūna pepercit, Eōrundem lībertātī mē parcere certum est.And at the same time hear this word: those whose valour the fortune of war has spared, their freedom I am resolved to spare as well. Off. 1.12.38Dōnō, dūcite, dōque volentibus cum magnīs dīs.I give them, take them, and I give them with the goodwill of the great gods.
Off. 1.12.38" Rēgālis sānē et digna Aeacidārum genere sententia.' A truly royal sentiment, and worthy of the race of the Aeacidae.