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Cicero · De Amicitia

De Amicitia 18

Loyalty, candour and charm

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Amic. 18.1Firmāmentum autem stabilitātis cōnstantiaeque est eius quam in amīcitiā quaerimus fidēs est;Now the foundation of that stability and constancy which we seek in friendship is good faith; Amic. 18.1nihil est enim stabile, quod īnfīdum est.for nothing is stable that is faithless. Amic. 18.1Simplicem praetereā et commūnem et cōnsentientem, id est, quī rēbus īsdem moveātur, ēlēgī pār est;It is right, moreover, to choose a man who is straightforward, sociable and sympathetic, that is, one who is moved by the same things; Amic. 18.1quae omnia pertinent ad fidēlitātem.all of which bear on faithfulness. Amic. 18.1Neque enim fīdum potest esse multiplex ingenium et tortuōsum, neque vērō, quī nōn īsdem rēbus movētur nātūrāque cōnsentit, aut fīdus aut stabilis potest esse.For a complicated and devious nature cannot be faithful, nor indeed can a man who is not moved by the same things and does not agree in nature be either faithful or stable. Amic. 18.1Addendum eōdem est, ut nē crīminibus aut īnferendīs dēlectētur aut crēdat oblātīs, quae pertinent omnia ad eam, quam iam dūdum trāctō, cōnstantiam.To this must be added that he should neither take pleasure in bringing accusations nor believe them when they are brought; all these things bear on that constancy which I have been discussing for some time now.

Amic. 18.1Ita fit vērum illud, quod initiō dīxī, amīcitiam nisi inter bonōs esse nōn posse.Thus that holds true which I said at the beginning, that friendship cannot exist except between good men. Amic. 18.1Est enim bonī virī, quem eundem sapientem licet dīcere, haec duo tenēre in amīcitiā: prīmum, nē quid fictum sit nēve simulātum;For it is the part of a good man, whom we may also call wise, to hold to these two things in friendship: first, that there be nothing feigned or pretended; Amic. 18.1apertē enim vel ōdisse magis ingenuī est quam fronte occultāre sententiam;for it is more becoming to a free-born man even to hate openly than to hide his feelings behind his face; Amic. 18.1deinde nōn sōlum ab aliquō allātās crīminātiōnēs repellere, sed nē ipsum quidem esse suspīciōsum, semper aliquid exīstimantem ab amīcō esse violātum.secondly, not only to repel accusations brought by someone else, but not even to be suspicious himself, always thinking that his friend has done some wrong. Amic. 18.66Accēdat hūc suāvitās quaedam oportet sermōnum atque mōrum, haudquāquam mediocre condīmentum amīcitiae.To this should be added a certain pleasantness of conversation and manners, by no means a slight seasoning of friendship.

Amic. 18.66Trīstitia autem et in omnī rē sevēritās habet illa quidem gravitātem, sed amīcitia remissior esse dēbet et līberior et dulcior et ad omnem cōmitātem facilitātemque prōclīvior.Gloominess and severity in everything have, indeed, a certain dignity, but friendship should be more relaxed and freer and sweeter, and more inclined to every kind of courtesy and good nature.

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Grammar in this passage: gerunds and gerundives ×2, purpose clauses ×1, indirect statement ×5

Latin vocabulary for this passage (118 words)
firmāmentum, -ī n.support, prop; in the Bible, the firmament, the vault of the sky
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
stabilitās, -ātis f.steadiness, firmness
cōnstantia, -ae f.steadiness, firmness
que, enclitic conj.and
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
amīcitia, -ae f.friendship, alliance
quaerō, quaerere, quaesīvī, quaesītusseek; ask, inquire
fidēs, -eī f.faith, trust; pledge
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
enim, conj.for
stabilis, -efirm, steady, lasting
īnfīdus, -a, -umunfaithful, treacherous
simplex, -icissimple, unmixed, pure
praetereā, adv.besides this, besides, moreover
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
commūnis, -ecommon, shared, public
cōnsentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsumagree; act together
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
moveō, movēre, mōvī, mōtusmove
ēligō, -ere, ēlēgī, ēlēctumpick out, choose
pār, parisequal
omnis, -eall, every
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
fidēlitās, -ātis f.faithfulness, loyalty
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
fīdus, -a, -umfaithful, loyal, trustworthy
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
multiplex, -icismanifold, many-sided
ingenium, -ī n.natural ability, talent, cleverness; character
tortuōsus, -a, -umwinding, tortuous; devious, deceitful
vērō, adv.in truth, indeed; however
nōn, adv.not
nātūra, -ae, f.nature, character
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
addō, -ere, -didī, -ditusadd, put to
eōdemto the same place
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
crīmen, -inis n.charge, accusation; crime
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
dēlectō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusplease, delight; passive: enjoy, take pleasure in
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātusbear to, proffer, offer
iam, adv.now, already
dūdum, adv.formerly, of old; iam dūdum, this long time
trāctō, -āre, -āvī, -ātushandle, touch, feel
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
vērus, -a, -umtrue; rē vērā, in truth, in fact
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
initium, -ī, n.beginning
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
nisi, conj.if not, unless
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
bonus, -a, -umgood
vir, virī, m.man
sapiēns, -entiswise; as noun, a wise man, a philosopher
licet, -ēre, -uit or -itum est, impers.is lawful or permitted
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
teneō, -ēre, -uī, -tushold, keep; hold back, restrain, stop
prīmum, adv.first, in the first place
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
fingō, fingere, finxī, fictusinvent, make up
nēve or neu, conj.and that not, and not, nor
simulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpretend
apertē (adv.)openly, plainly
velor; vel … vel: either … or
ōdī, ōdisse, used only in tenses of completed action with the force of tenses of incomplete actionhate
magis, comp. adv.more, rather
ingenuus, -a, -umfreeborn; as noun, a freeborn man
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
frōns, frontis, f.forehead
occultō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhide, conceal
sententia, -ae, f.opinion; purpose
deinde, adv.then, next
sōlum (adv.); solum, -ī n.only (nōn sōlum … sed etiam: not only … but also); ground, soil
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
aliquis, -quid, indef. pron.someone, any one, something, anything, some, any
afferō, afferre, attulī, allātumbring, bring to; cause
crīminātiō, -ōnis f.an accusation, a charge (often unjust)
repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsusdrive back or away, repulse, repel
sed, conj.but
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
quidem, adv.in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even
suspīciōsus, -a, -umsuspicious, distrustful; arousing suspicion
semper, adv.always
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
amīcus, -ī, m.friend
violō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusharm, violate
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
hūc, adv.to this place, hither
suāvitās, -ātis f.sweetness, pleasantness (odor suāvitātis: a pleasing smell)
quīdam, quaedam, quoddam, indef. pron.a certain, certain
oportet, -ēre, oportuit (impersonal)it is right, it is necessary
sermō, -ōnis, m.conversation, talk, speech
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
mōs, mōris, m.way, manner, habit, custom
haudquāquam, adv.in no wise, not at all
mediocris, -emoderate, ordinary
condīmentum, -ī n.seasoning, spice; what makes something pleasant
trīstitia, -ae, f.sadness
sevēritās, -ātis f.strictness, severity
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
gravitās, -ātis f.weight, heaviness; dignity, seriousness
remissus, -a, -umrelaxed, mild
dēbeō, -ēre, -uī, -itusowe; with infin., ought
līber, lībera, līberumfree
dulcis, -esweet
cōmitās, -ātis f.courtesy, friendliness
facilitās, -ātis f.easiness of manner, good nature, approachability
prōclīvis, -esloping downward; easy (prōclīve est: it is easy)
Cicero, De Amicitia. Latin text: W. A. Falconer, Cicero: De Senectute, De Amicitia, De Divinatione (Loeb, 1923), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: drafted by our own tagger (trained on the hand-checked texts on this site), with every doubtful word checked by hand. English translation and section titles: written for this app, each checked against the Latin by a second reader.