Lectitō › Julius Caesar › The Spanish War (Bellum Hispaniense)
Bellum Hispaniense 37
Pompey's Flight from Carteia
Anonymous, Bellum Hispaniense. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōB. Hisp. 37.1Carteiēnsēs, dum Caesar in itinere reliqua oppida oppugnat, propter Pompēium dissentīre coepērunt.
While Caesar was attacking the remaining towns on his march, the people of Carteia began to quarrel over Pompey.
Note. Carteienses: the people of Carteia, where Pompey had taken refuge (chapter 32). propter Pompeium: 'over Pompey'.
B. Hisp. 37.1Pars erat, quae lēgātōs ad Caesarem mīserat, pars erat, quī Pompēiānārum partium fautōrēs essent.
There was one party which had sent envoys to Caesar, and another made up of supporters of the Pompeian side.
Note. Pars erat quae … pars erat quī: the relative changes from feminine (agreeing with pars) to masculine plural (agreeing in sense).
B. Hisp. 37.2Sēditiōne concitātā portās occupant;
When a riot broke out, they seized the gates;
Note. Sēditiōne concitātā: ablative absolute.
B. Hisp. 37.2caedēs fit magna;
there was great slaughter;
Note. fit: 'takes place'.
B. Hisp. 37.2saucius Pompēius nāvēs xx occupat longās et profūgit.
Pompey, wounded, seized twenty warships and fled.
Note. nāvēs xx … longās: warships, as opposed to merchant ships (onerāriae).
B. Hisp. 37.2Dīdius, quī Gādibus classī praefuisset, simul nūntius adlātus est, cōnfestim sequī coepit;
Didius, who commanded the fleet at Gades, began to pursue him at once, as soon as the news was brought;
Note. Dīdius: Gaius Didius, Caesar's admiral. Gādibus: 'at Gades' (Cádiz). simul: 'as soon as'.
B. Hisp. 37.2Carteiā peditēs et equitātus ad persequendum celeriter iter faciēbant item cōnfestim cōnsequentēs.
from Carteia infantry and cavalry marched swiftly in pursuit, likewise following up at once.
Note. Carteiā: ablative of place from which, 'from Carteia'. cōnsequentēs: present participle of the deponent cōnsequor.
B. Hisp. 37.3Quārtō diē nāvigātiōnis, quod imparātī ā Carteiā profectī sine aquā fuissent, ad terram adplicant.
On the fourth day of the voyage, because they had set out from Carteia unprepared and were without water, they put in to land.
Note. imparātī: 'unprepared'. ad terram adplicant: 'they put in to land'.
B. Hisp. 37.3Dum aquantur, Dīdius classe accurrit, nāvēs incendit, nōnnūllās capit.
While they are taking on water, Didius rushes up with his fleet, burns their ships, and captures some.
Note. aquantur: 'they fetch water', a military term; aquor is deponent.
Vocabulary
| dum, conj. | while, as; as long as; until |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | attack, besiege |
| propter, prep. with acc. | on account of, because of |
| dissentiō, -īre, -sēnsī, -sēnsus | disagree, differ |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| Pompeiānus, -a, -um | of Pompey, Pompeian; Pompeiānī, -ōrum m. pl.: Pompey's men |
| fautor, -ōris m. | supporter, patron |
| sēditiō, -ōnis f. | riot, mutiny, discord |
| concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | stir up, rouse |
| porta, -ae, f. | gate; door |
| occupō, -cupāre, -cupāvī, -cupātus | seize; fill |
| caedēs, -is, f. | cutting down, killing, slaughter |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| saucius, -a, -um | wounded |
| nāvis, -is, f. | ship |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| longus, -a, -um | long; tedious |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| profugiō, -ere, -fūgī | flee, escape |
| classis, -is f. | fleet |
| praesum, -esse, -fuī | be before, preside over, have charge of, command |
| simul, adv. | at the same time; simul atque or ac, as soon as |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| afferō, afferre, attulī, allātum | bring, bring to; cause |
| cōnfestim (adv.) | at once, immediately |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| pedes, peditis m. | foot soldier |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| persequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow up, pursue |
| celeriter, adv. | swiftly, quickly |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| item | likewise, also |
| cōnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow up, follow; overtake |
| quartus, -a, -um | fourth |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| nāvigātiō, -ōnis, f. | sailing, navigation, voyage |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| imparātus, -a, -um | unprepared |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| sine, prep. with abl. | without |
| aqua, -ae, f. | water |
| terra, -ae, f. | land, earth |
| applicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | attach; (with sē) lean against |
| aquor, -ārī, -ātus sum | fetch water |
| accurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run to, come up |
| incendō, -ere, -cendī, -cēnsum | set on fire, burn |
| nōnnūllus, -a, -um | not none, some, several |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |