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Bellum Hispaniense 21

Pompey executes Caesar's sympathisers

Anonymous, Bellum Hispaniense. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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B. Hisp. 21.1Posterō diē equitēs cum levī armātūrā ex adversāriōrum castrīs ad nōs trānsfūgērunt.

The next day cavalry with light-armed troops deserted to us from the enemy's camp.

Note. equitēs cum levī armātūrā: deserters again, this time a whole body of cavalry with light infantry.

B. Hisp. 21.2Et eō tempore circiter XI equitēs ad aquātōrēs nostrōs excucurrērunt, nōnnūllōs interfēcērunt, item aliōs vīvōs abdūxērunt;

And at that time about eleven horsemen rode out against our water-carriers, killed some and carried others off alive;

Note. aquātōrēs: men sent to fetch water, an easy target for raiders. excucurrērunt: perfect of excurrō with reduplication.

B. Hisp. 21.2ē quibus captī sunt equitēs VIII. Īnsequentī diē Pompēius secūrī percussit hominēs LXXIIII, quī dīcēbantur esse fautōrēs Caesaris victōriae, reliquōs rūrsus in oppidum iussit dēdūcī;

of these, eight horsemen were captured. The next day Pompey had seventy-four men beheaded with the axe, who were said to be supporters of Caesar's victory, and ordered the rest to be taken back into the town;

Note. The sentence division is the editor's: a new section begins with Īnsequentī diē. secūrī percussit: 'struck with the axe', i.e. beheaded. hominēs lxxiiii: 74 men; note the form iiii for 4.

B. Hisp. 21.3ex quibus effūgērunt CXX et ad Caesarem vēnērunt.

of these, a hundred and twenty escaped and came to Caesar.

Note. cxx: 120.

Vocabulary

posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
cum, prep, with abl.with
levis, -elight, slight
armātūra, -ae f.armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops)
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
adversārius, -ī m.opponent, enemy
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
nōsplur. of ego
trānsfugiō, -ere, -fūgīdesert, go over to the enemy
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv.about
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
aquātor, -ōris m.water-carrier, one who fetches water
noster, -tra, -trumour
excurrō, -ere, -cucurrī or -currī, -cursumrun out, make a sally
nōnnūllus, -a, -umnot none, some, several
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
itemlikewise, also
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
vīvus, -a, -umalive, living
abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or take away
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
secūris, -is f.axe (the axes in the fasces, sign of Roman power)
percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussusstrike through, strike
homō, hominis, m.man
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
fautor, -ōris m.supporter, patron
victōria, -ae, f.victory
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
rūrsus, adv.again
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
oppidum, -ī, n.town
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
effugio, -fugere, -fūgīflee out or away, escape
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
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Anonymous, Bellum Hispaniense. Latin text: B. Kübler and E. Wölfflin, C. Iulii Caesaris Commentarii, vol. III (Leipzig: Teubner, 1896–97), public domain; transcribed for this app from the Internet Archive scan. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.