Lectitō › Julius Caesar › The Spanish War (Bellum Hispaniense)
Bellum Hispaniense 21
Pompey executes Caesar's sympathisers
Anonymous, Bellum Hispaniense. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in LectitōB. Hisp. 21.1Posterō diē equitēs cum levī armātūrā ex adversāriōrum castrīs ad nōs trānsfūgērunt.
The next day cavalry with light-armed troops deserted to us from the enemy's camp.
Note. equitēs cum levī armātūrā: deserters again, this time a whole body of cavalry with light infantry.
B. Hisp. 21.2Et eō tempore circiter XI equitēs ad aquātōrēs nostrōs excucurrērunt, nōnnūllōs interfēcērunt, item aliōs vīvōs abdūxērunt;
And at that time about eleven horsemen rode out against our water-carriers, killed some and carried others off alive;
Note. aquātōrēs: men sent to fetch water, an easy target for raiders. excucurrērunt: perfect of excurrō with reduplication.
B. Hisp. 21.2ē quibus captī sunt equitēs VIII. Īnsequentī diē Pompēius secūrī percussit hominēs LXXIIII, quī dīcēbantur esse fautōrēs Caesaris victōriae, reliquōs rūrsus in oppidum iussit dēdūcī;
of these, eight horsemen were captured. The next day Pompey had seventy-four men beheaded with the axe, who were said to be supporters of Caesar's victory, and ordered the rest to be taken back into the town;
Note. The sentence division is the editor's: a new section begins with Īnsequentī diē. secūrī percussit: 'struck with the axe', i.e. beheaded. hominēs lxxiiii: 74 men; note the form iiii for 4.
B. Hisp. 21.3ex quibus effūgērunt CXX et ad Caesarem vēnērunt.
of these, a hundred and twenty escaped and came to Caesar.
Note. cxx: 120.
Vocabulary
| posterus, -a, -um | following, next |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| levis, -e | light, slight |
| armātūra, -ae f. | armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops) |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| adversārius, -ī m. | opponent, enemy |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| nōs | plur. of ego |
| trānsfugiō, -ere, -fūgī | desert, go over to the enemy |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| circiter, prep. with acc. and adv. | about |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| aquātor, -ōris m. | water-carrier, one who fetches water |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| excurrō, -ere, -cucurrī or -currī, -cursum | run out, make a sally |
| nōnnūllus, -a, -um | not none, some, several |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| item | likewise, also |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| vīvus, -a, -um | alive, living |
| abdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead or take away |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow upon or up, pursue |
| secūris, -is f. | axe (the axes in the fasces, sign of Roman power) |
| percutiō, -cutere, -cussī, -cussus | strike through, strike |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| fautor, -ōris m. | supporter, patron |
| victōria, -ae, f. | victory |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| rūrsus, adv. | again |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship |
| effugio, -fugere, -fūgī | flee out or away, escape |
| veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventus | come |