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De Bello Gallico 8.6

Trouble among the Bellovaci

Hirtius, De Bello Gallico VIII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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8.6.1Caesar tempore annī difficillimō, cum satis habēret convenientēs manūs dissipāre, nē quod initium bellī nāscerētur, quantumque in ratiōne esset, explōrātum habēret sub tempus aestīvōrum nūllum summum bellum posse cōnflārī, Gāium Trebōnium cum duābus legiōnibus, quās sēcum habēbat, in hībernīs Cēnabī collocāvit;

Caesar, in the most difficult season of the year, since he thought it enough to scatter the bands that were gathering so that no beginning of war should arise, and, as far as reasoning could tell, had made sure that no major war could be stirred up before the summer campaign, stationed Gaius Trebonius in winter quarters at Cenabum with the two legions he had with him;

Note. satis habēret: 'thought it enough'. nē quod initium: quod after nē is the indefinite, 'any'. quantumque in ratiōne esset: 'and as far as could be worked out by reasoning'. explōrātum habēret: 'had made certain'. Cēnabī: locative, 'at Cenabum'.

8.6.2ipse, cum crēbrīs lēgātiōnibus Rēmōrum certior fieret Bellovacōs, quī bellī glōriā Gallōs omnēs Belgāsque praestābant, fīnitimāsque hīs cīvitātēs duce Correō Bellovacō et Commiō Atrebāte exercitūs comparāre atque in ūnum locum cōgere, ut omnī multitūdine in fīnēs Suessiōnum, quī Rēmīs erant attribūtī, facerent impressiōnem, pertinēre autem nōn tantum ad dignitātem sed etiam ad salūtem suam iūdicāret nūllam calamitātem sociōs optimē dē rē pūblicā meritōs accipere, legiōnem ex hībernīs ēvocat rūrsus ūndecimam;

he himself, since he was informed by frequent embassies of the Remi that the Bellovaci, who surpassed all the Gauls and Belgae in fame in war, and the states neighbouring them were raising armies and gathering them in one place under the leadership of Correus the Bellovacan and Commius the Atrebatian, in order to make an attack in full force on the territory of the Suessiones, who had been placed under the Remi, and since he judged that it concerned not only his honour but also his safety that allies who had served the state very well should suffer no disaster, calls the eleventh legion out of winter quarters again;

Note. A long periodic sentence: two cum clauses (certior fieret … iūdicāret) come before the main verb ēvocat at the very end. Bellovacōs … exercitūs comparāre: indirect statement after certior fieret. ut … facerent impressiōnem: purpose clause. optimē dē rē pūblicā meritōs: 'who had deserved very well of the state'.

8.6.3litterās autem ad Gāium Fabium mittit, ut in fīnēs Suessiōnum legiōnēs duās quās habēbat addūceret, alteramque ex duābus ab Labiēnō arcessit.

and he sends a letter to Gaius Fabius to bring the two legions he had into the territory of the Suessiones, and summons one of the two from Labienus.

Note. alteram ex duābus: 'one of his two' (legions).

8.6.4Ita, quantum hībernōrum opportūnitās bellīque ratiō postulābat, perpetuō suō labōre in vicem legiōnibus expedītiōnum onus iniungēbat.

In this way, as far as the convenience of the winter quarters and the plan of the war required, he laid the burden of the expeditions on the legions in turn, with continuous toil of his own.

Note. in vicem: 'in turn'. Caesar rotated the hard winter expeditions among the legions, while himself never resting (perpetuō suō labōre).

Vocabulary

tempus, temporis, n.time, season
annus, -ī, m.year
difficilis, -enot easy, difficult
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
manus, -ūs, f.hand
dissipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumscatter
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
initium, -ī, n.beginning
bellum, -ī, n.war
nāscor, -ī, nātus sumbe born; rise, begin
quantum, adv.how much? how?
que, enclitic conj.and
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
ratiō, -ōnis, f.plan, means, method, manner; reason; account
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātussearch out, explore
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
aestīva, -ōrum n. pl.summer camp; the summer campaigning season
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōnflō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusblow up, kindle; bring together, scrape together; stir up (hatred)
cum, prep, with abl.with
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātumplace, station; give in marriage
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
lēgātiō, -ōnis f.embassy, mission
certus, -a, -umdetermined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
glōria, -ae, f.glory
omnis, -eall, every
praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitusstand in front; show
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātusprepare, collect
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
multitūdō, -tūdinis, f.multitude
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
attribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtumassign, allot
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
impressiō, -ōnis f.an attack, inroad, charge
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
autem, conj.moreover; but, however; now
nōn, adv.not
tantum, adv.so much or far, only
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
dignitās, -ātis f.rank, standing, prestige
sed, conj.but
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
salūs, salūtis, f.safety, deliverance, escape
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumjudge, decide
calamitās, -tātis, f.misfortune, calamity, disaster
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
bene, adv.well; successfully
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
pūblicus, -a, -umpublic, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state)
mereor, -ērī, meritus sumdeserve; (dē) do service to
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall out, challenge
rūrsus, adv.again
ūndecimus, -a, -umeleventh
littera, -ae f.letter (of the alphabet); pl. letter, writing
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead to, bring, take; induce, influence
alter, -era, -erumone or the other (of two); another, second
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
ita, adv.in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as
opportūnitās, -ātis f.advantage, favourable feature
postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusask, request, demand
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
labor, -ōris, m.labor, toil
vicis (gen.), vicem f.change, turn; in vicem: in turn
expedītiō, -ōnis f.expedition, raid
onus, oneris n.load, weight
iniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctusjoin to; impose, inflict
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Hirtius, De Bello Gallico VIII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes, C. Iuli Commentarii Rerum in Gallia Gestarum VII, A. Hirti Commentarius VIII (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.