Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 8
De Bello Gallico 8.6
Trouble among the Bellovaci
Hirtius, De Bello Gallico VIII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō8.6.1Caesar tempore annī difficillimō, cum satis habēret convenientēs manūs dissipāre, nē quod initium bellī nāscerētur, quantumque in ratiōne esset, explōrātum habēret sub tempus aestīvōrum nūllum summum bellum posse cōnflārī, Gāium Trebōnium cum duābus legiōnibus, quās sēcum habēbat, in hībernīs Cēnabī collocāvit;
Caesar, in the most difficult season of the year, since he thought it enough to scatter the bands that were gathering so that no beginning of war should arise, and, as far as reasoning could tell, had made sure that no major war could be stirred up before the summer campaign, stationed Gaius Trebonius in winter quarters at Cenabum with the two legions he had with him;
Note. satis habēret: 'thought it enough'. nē quod initium: quod after nē is the indefinite, 'any'. quantumque in ratiōne esset: 'and as far as could be worked out by reasoning'. explōrātum habēret: 'had made certain'. Cēnabī: locative, 'at Cenabum'.
8.6.2ipse, cum crēbrīs lēgātiōnibus Rēmōrum certior fieret Bellovacōs, quī bellī glōriā Gallōs omnēs Belgāsque praestābant, fīnitimāsque hīs cīvitātēs duce Correō Bellovacō et Commiō Atrebāte exercitūs comparāre atque in ūnum locum cōgere, ut omnī multitūdine in fīnēs Suessiōnum, quī Rēmīs erant attribūtī, facerent impressiōnem, pertinēre autem nōn tantum ad dignitātem sed etiam ad salūtem suam iūdicāret nūllam calamitātem sociōs optimē dē rē pūblicā meritōs accipere, legiōnem ex hībernīs ēvocat rūrsus ūndecimam;
he himself, since he was informed by frequent embassies of the Remi that the Bellovaci, who surpassed all the Gauls and Belgae in fame in war, and the states neighbouring them were raising armies and gathering them in one place under the leadership of Correus the Bellovacan and Commius the Atrebatian, in order to make an attack in full force on the territory of the Suessiones, who had been placed under the Remi, and since he judged that it concerned not only his honour but also his safety that allies who had served the state very well should suffer no disaster, calls the eleventh legion out of winter quarters again;
Note. A long periodic sentence: two cum clauses (certior fieret … iūdicāret) come before the main verb ēvocat at the very end. Bellovacōs … exercitūs comparāre: indirect statement after certior fieret. ut … facerent impressiōnem: purpose clause. optimē dē rē pūblicā meritōs: 'who had deserved very well of the state'.
8.6.3litterās autem ad Gāium Fabium mittit, ut in fīnēs Suessiōnum legiōnēs duās quās habēbat addūceret, alteramque ex duābus ab Labiēnō arcessit.
and he sends a letter to Gaius Fabius to bring the two legions he had into the territory of the Suessiones, and summons one of the two from Labienus.
Note. alteram ex duābus: 'one of his two' (legions).
8.6.4Ita, quantum hībernōrum opportūnitās bellīque ratiō postulābat, perpetuō suō labōre in vicem legiōnibus expedītiōnum onus iniungēbat.
In this way, as far as the convenience of the winter quarters and the plan of the war required, he laid the burden of the expeditions on the legions in turn, with continuous toil of his own.
Note. in vicem: 'in turn'. Caesar rotated the hard winter expeditions among the legions, while himself never resting (perpetuō suō labōre).
Vocabulary
| tempus, temporis, n. | time, season |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| difficilis, -e | not easy, difficult |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| satis, adv. | enough, sufficiently |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| dissipō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | scatter |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. | any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something |
| initium, -ī, n. | beginning |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| nāscor, -ī, nātus sum | be born; rise, begin |
| quantum, adv. | how much? how? |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| ratiō, -ōnis, f. | plan, means, method, manner; reason; account |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| explōrō, -plōrāre, -plōrāvī, -plōrātus | search out, explore |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| aestīva, -ōrum n. pl. | summer camp; the summer campaigning season |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| cōnflō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | blow up, kindle; bring together, scrape together; stir up (hatred) |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |
| collocō (conlocō), -āre, -āvī, -ātum | place, station; give in marriage |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| crēber, -bra, -brum | frequent, numerous; close together |
| lēgātiō, -ōnis f. | embassy, mission |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| glōria, -ae, f. | glory |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| praestō, -stāre, -stitī, -stitus | stand in front; show |
| fīnitimus, -a, -um | neighboring, adjoining |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| comparō, -parāre, -parāvī, -parātus | prepare, collect |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| attribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtum | assign, allot |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| impressiō, -ōnis f. | an attack, inroad, charge |
| pertineō, -ēre, -uī | extend, reach; tend toward, concern |
| autem, conj. | moreover; but, however; now |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| tantum, adv. | so much or far, only |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| dignitās, -ātis f. | rank, standing, prestige |
| sed, conj. | but |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| salūs, salūtis, f. | safety, deliverance, escape |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| iūdicō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | judge, decide |
| calamitās, -tātis, f. | misfortune, calamity, disaster |
| socius, -ī, m. | companion, comrade, ally |
| bene, adv. | well; successfully |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| pūblicus, -a, -um | public, of the state (rēs pūblica: the state) |
| mereor, -ērī, meritus sum | deserve; (dē) do service to |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātus | call out, challenge |
| rūrsus, adv. | again |
| ūndecimus, -a, -um | eleventh |
| littera, -ae f. | letter (of the alphabet); pl. letter, writing |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead to, bring, take; induce, influence |
| alter, -era, -erum | one or the other (of two); another, second |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus | call, summon, fetch |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| opportūnitās, -ātis f. | advantage, favourable feature |
| postulō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | ask, request, demand |
| perpetuus, -a, -um | continuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever |
| labor, -ōris, m. | labor, toil |
| vicis (gen.), vicem f. | change, turn; in vicem: in turn |
| expedītiō, -ōnis f. | expedition, raid |
| onus, oneris n. | load, weight |
| iniungō, -ere, -iūnxī, -iūnctus | join to; impose, inflict |