Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 8
De Bello Gallico 8.25
Labienus among the Treveri
Hirtius, De Bello Gallico VIII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō8.25.1Cum in omnēs partēs fīnium Ambiorīgis aut legiōnēs aut auxilia dīmīsisset atque omnia caedibus, incendiīs, rapīnīs vāstāsset, magnō numerō hominum interfectō aut captō Labiēnum cum duābus legiōnibus in Trēverōs mittit, quōrum cīvitās propter Germāniae vīcīnitātem cōtīdiānīs exercitāta bellīs cultū et feritāte nōn multum ā Germānīs differēbat neque imperāta umquam nisi exercitū coācta faciēbat.
When he had sent either legions or auxiliaries into every part of Ambiorix's territory and laid everything waste with slaughter, fire and plunder, killing or capturing a great number of people, he sends Labienus with two legions against the Treveri, whose state, trained by daily wars because it bordered on Germany, differed little from the Germans in way of life and savagery and never carried out orders unless forced by an army.
Note. caedibus, incendiīs, rapīnīs: three ablatives of means without a conjunction. propter Germāniae vīcīnitātem: the Treveri lived along the Moselle, next to the Rhine.
Vocabulary
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| caedēs, -is, f. | cutting down, killing, slaughter |
| incendium, -ī n. | fire, burning |
| rapīna, -ae f. | plundering |
| vāstō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | lay waste |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| numerus, -ī, m. | number |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| propter, prep. with acc. | on account of, because of |
| vīcīnitās, -ātis f. | neighborhood; the people living nearby |
| cottīdiānus, -a, -um | daily |
| exercitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | train, exercise |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| cultus, -ūs m. | way of life; civilization, refinement |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| feritās, -ātis f. | wildness, savagery |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| multum, -ī, n. | much |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| differō, differre, distulī, dīlātum | differ; scatter, put off |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| imperō, -perāre, -perāvī, -perātus | command, order, enjoin |
| umquam, adv. | ever |
| nisi, conj. | if not, unless |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |