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De Bello Gallico 8.20

The Bellovaci decide to surrender

Hirtius, De Bello Gallico VIII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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8.20.1Tālī modō rē gestā recentibus proelī vestīgiīs ingressus Caesar, cum victōs tantā calamitāte exīstimāret hostēs nūntiō acceptō locum castrōrum relictūrōs, quae nōn longius ab eā caede abesse plūs minus octō mīlibus dīcēbantur, tametsī flūmine impedītum trānsitum vidēbat, tamen exercitū trāductō prōgreditur.

When the action had gone like this, Caesar came up on the fresh traces of the battle; he thought that the enemy, beaten by so great a disaster, would abandon the site of their camp, which was said to be no further than about eight miles from the scene of the slaughter, once they had the news; and although he saw that the crossing was hindered by a river, nevertheless he took the army across and advanced.

Note. recentibus proelī vestīgiīs ingressus: 'following the fresh traces of the battle'. relictūrōs (esse): future infinitive in indirect statement after exīstimāret. plūs minus: 'more or less, about'.

8.20.2At Bellovacī reliquaeque cīvitātēs repente ex fugā paucīs atque hīs vulnerātīs receptīs, quī silvārum beneficiō cāsum ēvītāverant, omnibus adversīs, cognitā calamitāte, interfectō Correō, āmissō equitātū et fortissimīs peditibus, cum adventāre Rōmānōs exīstimārent, conciliō repente cantū tubārum convocātō conclāmant, lēgātī obsidēsque ad Caesarem mittantur.

But the Bellovaci and the other states, having suddenly taken back from the flight a few men, and those wounded, who had escaped disaster thanks to the woods, with everything against them, the disaster known, Correus killed, the cavalry and the bravest infantry lost, since they thought the Romans were approaching, quickly called a council by the sound of trumpets and cry out that envoys and hostages should be sent to Caesar.

Note. A pile-up of ablatives absolute describes the Gauls' position: omnibus adversīs, cognitā calamitāte, interfectō Correō, āmissō equitātū. conclāmant … mittantur: a jussive subjunctive in reported speech: 'they shout that envoys should be sent'.

Vocabulary

tālis, -esuch
modus, -ī, m.way, manner
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
gerō, gerere, gessī, gestuscarry, wear; carry on, do
recēns, -entisrecent, fresh
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
vestīgium, -ī, n.track, foot-print
ingredior, -ī, ingressus sumgo into, enter
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
vincō, -ere, vīcī, victumconquer, defeat
tantus, -a, -umso great or much
calamitās, -tātis, f.misfortune, calamity, disaster
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nōn, adv.not
longē, adv.far
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
plūs (adv.)more
minus, comp. adv.less
octō (indecl.)eight
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
tametsī (conj.)although
flūmen, -minis, n.river
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
trānsitus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead across
prōgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo forward, advance
at, conj.but
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
que, enclitic conj.and
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
repente (adv.)suddenly
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
fuga, -ae, f.flight
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuswound
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
beneficium, -ī, n.well-doing, kindness, service, benefit
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
ēvītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusavoid, shun, escape
omnis, -eall, every
adversus, -a, -umfacing; unfavourable, unsuccessful
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend away, lose
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
fortis, -ebrave
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
adventō, -āre, -āvīcome nearer and nearer, approach
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
cantus, -ūs, m.singing, song
tuba, -ae f.trumpet
convocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall together, summon, assemble
conclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumshout out, cry out
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
obses, obsidis m./f.hostage
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
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Hirtius, De Bello Gallico VIII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes, C. Iuli Commentarii Rerum in Gallia Gestarum VII, A. Hirti Commentarius VIII (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.