Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 8
De Bello Gallico 8.20
The Bellovaci decide to surrender
Hirtius, De Bello Gallico VIII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
Tap any word for its meaning and grammar, save words to review, and track your reading.
Read in Lectitō8.20.1Tālī modō rē gestā recentibus proelī vestīgiīs ingressus Caesar, cum victōs tantā calamitāte exīstimāret hostēs nūntiō acceptō locum castrōrum relictūrōs, quae nōn longius ab eā caede abesse plūs minus octō mīlibus dīcēbantur, tametsī flūmine impedītum trānsitum vidēbat, tamen exercitū trāductō prōgreditur.
When the action had gone like this, Caesar came up on the fresh traces of the battle; he thought that the enemy, beaten by so great a disaster, would abandon the site of their camp, which was said to be no further than about eight miles from the scene of the slaughter, once they had the news; and although he saw that the crossing was hindered by a river, nevertheless he took the army across and advanced.
Note. recentibus proelī vestīgiīs ingressus: 'following the fresh traces of the battle'. relictūrōs (esse): future infinitive in indirect statement after exīstimāret. plūs minus: 'more or less, about'.
8.20.2At Bellovacī reliquaeque cīvitātēs repente ex fugā paucīs atque hīs vulnerātīs receptīs, quī silvārum beneficiō cāsum ēvītāverant, omnibus adversīs, cognitā calamitāte, interfectō Correō, āmissō equitātū et fortissimīs peditibus, cum adventāre Rōmānōs exīstimārent, conciliō repente cantū tubārum convocātō conclāmant, lēgātī obsidēsque ad Caesarem mittantur.
But the Bellovaci and the other states, having suddenly taken back from the flight a few men, and those wounded, who had escaped disaster thanks to the woods, with everything against them, the disaster known, Correus killed, the cavalry and the bravest infantry lost, since they thought the Romans were approaching, quickly called a council by the sound of trumpets and cry out that envoys and hostages should be sent to Caesar.
Note. A pile-up of ablatives absolute describes the Gauls' position: omnibus adversīs, cognitā calamitāte, interfectō Correō, āmissō equitātū. conclāmant … mittantur: a jussive subjunctive in reported speech: 'they shout that envoys should be sent'.
Vocabulary
| tālis, -e | such |
| modus, -ī, m. | way, manner |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| recēns, -entis | recent, fresh |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| vestīgium, -ī, n. | track, foot-print |
| ingredior, -ī, ingressus sum | go into, enter |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| vincō, -ere, vīcī, victum | conquer, defeat |
| tantus, -a, -um | so great or much |
| calamitās, -tātis, f. | misfortune, calamity, disaster |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| longē, adv. | far |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| caedēs, -is, f. | cutting down, killing, slaughter |
| absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrus | be away, be absent, be distant; be wanting |
| plūs (adv.) | more |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| octō (indecl.) | eight |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| tametsī (conj.) | although |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |
| impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītus | hinder, prevent, impede |
| trānsitus, -ūs m. | crossing, passage |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| exercitus, -ūs, m. | army |
| trādūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead across |
| prōgredior, -gredī, -gressus | go forward, advance |
| at, conj. | but |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| repente (adv.) | suddenly |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj. | few |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| vulnerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | wound |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| beneficium, -ī, n. | well-doing, kindness, service, benefit |
| cāsus, -ūs, m. | fall; chance, accident |
| ēvītō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | avoid, shun, escape |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| adversus, -a, -um | facing; unfavourable, unsuccessful |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send away, lose |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| fortis, -e | brave |
| pedes, peditis m. | foot soldier |
| adventō, -āre, -āvī | come nearer and nearer, approach |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| concilium, -ī n. | meeting, council |
| cantus, -ūs, m. | singing, song |
| tuba, -ae f. | trumpet |
| convocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātus | call together, summon, assemble |
| conclāmō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | shout out, cry out |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| obses, obsidis m./f. | hostage |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |