| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| prīmō, adv. | at first |
| adulēscēns, -entis, m. | youth, young man |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| postrēmō (adv.) | finally, at last |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| cum, conj. | when, while, after; since; although |
| vehementer, adv. | violently, vehemently; earnestly; exceedingly, greatly |
| pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fight |
| integer, -gra, -grum | untouched, fresh, whole |
| subsidium, -ī, n. | reserve, reinforcement, support, help |
| addūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead to, bring, take; induce, influence |
| restituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | set up again, put back, restore |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| repellō, repellere, reppulī, repulsus | drive back or away, repulse, repel |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| quō, adv. | to what place? whither? to which place, whither; for which reason, wherefore, therefore; quō ūsque, till when? how long? |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |
| quattuor, indecl. adj. | four |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| castellum, -ī n. | fort, redoubt |
| dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itum | go around |
| exterior, -ius | outer, outside, exterior |
| mūnītiō, -ōnis f. | fortification, defence works |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| tergum, -ī, n. | back |
| adorior, -īrī, adortus sum | attack |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| postquam, conj. | later than, after, when |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| agger, aggeris m. | mound, siege ramp |
| fossa, -ae, f. | ditch, trench |
| vīs, vīs, f. | violence, force; virtue, potency, efficacy; plur. vīrēs, -ium, strength; omnibus vīribus, with all one's strength, with might and main |
| sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or bear up, sustain, withstand |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |
| ūnā | together, along |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| fors, fortis f. | chance, luck |
| offerō, offerre, obtulī, oblātus | bear to, proffer, offer |
| per, prep, with ace. | through, by means of |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| certus, -a, -um | determined, fixed, certain; certiōrem facere, to make more certain, inform |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| accelerō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | hurry, hasten |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| intersum, -esse, -fuī, -futūrus | be or lie between |