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De Bello Gallico 7.81

The night attack

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.81.1Ūnō diē intermissō Gallī atque hōc spatiō magnō crātium, scālārum, harpagōnum numerō effectō mediā nocte silentiō ex castrīs ēgressī ad campestrēs mūnītiōnēs accēdunt.

After one day's interval, during which the Gauls made a great number of hurdles, ladders and grappling hooks, they leave their camp silently in the middle of the night and approach the fortifications on the plain.

7.81.2Subitō clāmōre sublātō, quā significātiōne quī in oppidō obsidēbantur dē suō adventū cognōscere possent, crātēs prōicere, fundīs, sagittīs, lapidibus nostrōs dē vallō prōturbāre reliquaque quae ad oppugnātiōnem pertinent parant administrāre.

Raising a sudden shout, so that by this signal those besieged in the town might learn of their arrival, they begin to throw hurdles, to drive our men from the rampart with slings, arrows and stones, and to carry out everything else that belongs to an assault.

Note. quā significātiōne: a relative clause of purpose, 'so that by this signal'. The infinitives prōicere, prōturbāre and administrāre depend on parant.

7.81.3Eōdem tempore clāmōre exaudītō dat tuba signum suīs Vercingetorīx atque ex oppidō ēdūcit.

At the same moment, hearing the shout, Vercingetorix gives the signal to his men with the trumpet and leads them out of the town.

7.81.4Nostrī, ut superiōribus diēbus, ut cuique erat locus attribūtus, ad mūnītiōnēs accēdunt;

Our men go to the fortifications as on earlier days, where each had been assigned his place;

7.81.4fundīs lībrīlibus sudibusque quās in opere disposuerant ac glandibus Gallōs prōterrent.

with slings, pound stones and stakes which they had laid out along the works, and with sling bullets, they drive back the Gauls.

Note. lībrīlibus: one-pound stones thrown by hand or sling; glandēs were lead sling bullets.

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7.81.5Prōspectū tenebrīs adēmptō multa utrimque vulnera accipiuntur.

Since the darkness took away their view, many wounds are received on both sides.

7.81.5Complūra tormentīs tēla coniciuntur.

Many missiles are hurled by the artillery.

7.81.6At Mārcus Antōnius et Gāius Trebōnius lēgātī, quibus hae partēs ad dēfendendum obvēnerant, quā ex parte nostrōs premī intellēxerant, hīs auxiliō ex ulteriōribus castellīs dēductōs summittēbant.

But Marcus Antonius and Gaius Trebonius, the legates to whom the defense of these parts had fallen, brought men drawn from the forts farther off to help wherever they had seen our men hard pressed.

Note. quibus hae partēs ad dēfendendum obvēnerant: 'to whom these parts had fallen to defend'. hīs auxiliō: double dative, 'as help to them'.

Vocabulary

ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
intermittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missusleave off, interrupt; let pass; pass., be left between, intervene, elapse
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
spatium, -ī, n.space, interval; space of time, time
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
crātis, -is f.wickerwork, hurdle
scālae, -ārum f. pl.ladder, scaling ladder
harpagō, -ōnis m.grappling hook
numerus, -ī, m.number
efficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or work out, accomplish, effect
medius, -a, -ummid, middle
nox, noctis, f.night
silentium, -ī n.silence; silentiō: in silence, quietly
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
castra, -ōrum, n. plur.camp
ēgredior, -gredī, -gressusgo out or forth, go ashore, disembark
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
campester, -tris, -treof the plain, flat, level
mūnītiō, -ōnis f.fortification, defence works
accēdō, -ere, accessī, accessumcome near, approach; be added
subitō, adv.unexpectedly, suddenly
clāmor, -ōris, m.shout, cry
tollō, tollere, sustulī, sublātuslift, raise; take away, remove; ancorās tollere, to weigh anchor
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
significātiō, -ōnis f.signal
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
oppidum, -ī, n.town
obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessusbeset, besiege
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
prōiciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow forth or down, cast away, throw
funda, -ae f.sling
sagitta, -ae, f.arrow
lapis, -idis, m.stone
noster, -tra, -trumour
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
prōturbō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumdrive off, repel
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
que, enclitic conj.and
oppugnātiō, -ōnis f.siege, assault on a town
pertineō, -ēre, -uīextend, reach; tend toward, concern
parō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusmake ready, prepare
administrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātummanage, carry out
īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron.the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also
tempus, temporis, n.time, season
exaudiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītumhear (from a distance)
dō, dare, dedī, datusgive
tuba, -ae f.trumpet
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead out, draw
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
superior, -ius, adj.higher; former, previous, preceding
quisque, quaeque, quidque, indef. pron.each
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
attribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtumassign, allot
lībrīlis, -eweighing a pound; n. pl. as noun: one-pound stones (for slinging)
sudis, -is f.stake, pile
opus, operis, n.work, task
dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumstation here and there, post
glāns, glandis f.acorn; sling-bullet (of lead or clay)
prōterreō, -ēre, -uī, -itusfrighten off, scare away
prōspectus, -ūs m.view
tenebrae, -ārum f. pl.darkness
adimō, -imere, -ēmī, -ēmptustake to oneself, take away
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
utrimque, adv.on either side or both sides
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
tormentum, -ī n.artillery, siege engine
tēlum, -ī, n.missile, spear, weapon
coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectusthrow together; throw, cast, hurl
at, conj.but
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
dēfendō, -fendere, -fendī, -fēnsusward off; defend
obveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum (+ dat.)fall to, be assigned to
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
ulterior, -ius, adj.farther
castellum, -ī n.fort, redoubt
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
submittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missumsend (as help)
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.