Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.74
The outer line
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.74.1Hīs rēbus perfectīs regiōnēs secūtus quam potuit aequissimās prō locī nātūrā quattuordecim mīlia passuum complexus parēs eiusdem generis mūnītiōnēs, dīversās ab hīs, contrā exteriōrem hostem perfēcit, ut nē magnā quidem multitūdine, sī ita accidat, mūnītiōnum praesidia circumfundī possent;
When these things were completed, following the most level ground he could, as the nature of the place allowed, he enclosed fourteen miles and built fortifications of the same kind, facing the other way, against the enemy outside, so that the garrisons of the fortifications could not be surrounded even by a great multitude, if that should happen;
Note. quam potuit aequissimās: quam with a superlative, 'as level as he could'. ut nē … quidem: 'so that not even'. sī ita accidat: subjunctive in a clause depending on a result clause.
7.74.2ac nē cum perīculō ex castrīs ēgredī cōgātur, diērum trīgintā pābulum frūmentumque habēre omnēs convectum iubet.
and so that he would not be forced to leave the camp at risk, he orders all to have thirty days' fodder and grain brought in.
Note. habēre … convectum: 'to have brought in', the perfect participle with habēre stressing the finished result.
Vocabulary
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| perficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | do or make through, accomplish |
| regiō, -ōnis, f. | direction; country, region |
| sequor, sequī, secūtus | follow |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| aequus, -a, -um | level; equal; fair |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| nātūra, -ae, f. | nature, character |
| quattuordecim (indecl.) | fourteen |
| mīlle, indecl. adj. | a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands; |
| passus, -ūs, m. | pace (mīlia passuum: miles) |
| complector, -plectī, -plexus | embrace |
| pār, paris | equal |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| genus, generis, n. | kind, nature |
| mūnītiō, -ōnis f. | fortification, defence works |
| dīversus, -a, -um | turned different ways, opposite, contrary, different |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| exterior, -ius | outer, outside, exterior |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| quidem, adv. | in fact, indeed, certainly; nē ... quidem, not ... even |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| sī, conj. | if |
| ita, adv. | in this manner, thus, so; ita ut, as |
| accidō, -cidere, -cidī | fall to or upon; befall, happen |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| circumfundō, -ere, -fūdī, -fūsus | pour around; (passive) crowd around, surround |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| perīculum, -ī, n. | danger, peril, risk |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| ēgredior, -gredī, -gressus | go out or forth, go ashore, disembark |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| trīgintā (indecl.) | thirty |
| pābulum, -ī, n. | food, fodder |
| frūmentum, -ī, n. | grain |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| convehō, -ere, -vēxī, -vectus | carry together, bring in, gather |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |