Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.67
The cavalry battle
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.67.1Probātā rē atque omnibus iūreiūrandō adāctīs posterō diē in trēs partēs distribūtō equitātū duae sē aciēs ab duōbus lateribus ostendunt, ūna prīmō agmine iter impedīre coepit.
The proposal was approved and all were sworn by the oath; the next day the cavalry was divided into three parts, two divisions showed themselves on the two flanks, and one began to block the march at the head of the column.
7.67.2Quā rē nūntiātā Caesar suum quoque equitātum tripertītō dīvīsum contrā hostem īre iubet.
When this was reported, Caesar ordered his own cavalry also, divided into three parts, to go against the enemy.
7.67.2Pugnātur ūnā omnibus in partibus.
There was fighting in all parts at once.
7.67.3Cōnsistit agmen;
The column halted;
7.67.3impedīmenta intrā legiōnēs recipiuntur.
the baggage was taken inside the legions.
7.67.4Sī qua in parte nostrī labōrāre aut gravius premī vidēbantur, eō signa īnferrī Caesar aciemque cōnstituī iubēbat;
If our men seemed to be in difficulty or hard pressed in any part, Caesar ordered the standards to be moved forward and the line drawn up there;
Note. Sī qua in parte: after sī, qua is the indefinite 'any'.
7.67.4quae rēs et hostēs ad īnsequendum tardābat et nostrōs spē auxilī cōnfirmābat.
this both slowed the enemy in their pursuit and encouraged our men with the hope of support.
7.67.5Tandem Germānī ab dextrō latere summum iugum nactī hostēs locō dēpellunt;
At last the Germans on the right flank reached the top of a ridge and drove the enemy from their position;
7.67.5fugientēs usque ad flūmen, ubi Vercingetorīx cum pedestribus cōpiīs cōnsēderat, persequuntur complūrēsque interficiunt.
they chased them as they fled right up to the river where Vercingetorix had halted with his infantry, and killed a good many.
7.67.6Quā rē animadversā reliquī nē circumīrentur veritī sē fugae mandant.
When they saw this, the rest, afraid of being surrounded, took to flight.
7.67.6Omnibus locīs fit caedēs.
There was slaughter everywhere.
7.67.7Trēs nōbilissimī Aeduī captī ad Caesarem perdūcuntur: Cotus, praefectus equitum, quī contrōversiam cum Convictolitāvī proximīs comitiīs habuerat, et Cavarillus, quī post dēfectiōnem Litaviccī pedestribus cōpiīs praefuerat, et Eporēdorīx, quō duce ante adventum Caesaris Aeduī cum Sēquanīs bellō contenderant.
Three of the noblest Aedui were captured and brought to Caesar: Cotus, a cavalry commander, who had been in dispute with Convictolitavis at the last election; Cavarillus, who after Litaviccus' revolt had commanded the infantry; and Eporedorix, under whose leadership, before Caesar's arrival, the Aedui had fought a war with the Sequani.
Vocabulary
| probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | prove, show; approve |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| iūsiūrandum, iūrisiūrandī n. | oath |
| adigō, -ere, adēgī, adāctum | drive, hurl (a weapon) to |
| posterus, -a, -um | following, next |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| trēs, tria, plur. adj. | three |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| distribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtum | divide up, distribute |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| aciēs, -ēī, f. | line of battle |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| latus, lateris n. | side, flank |
| ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch out before, show, explain |
| ūnus, -a, -um | one; only, alone |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| agmen, -minis, n. | band, column |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītus | hinder, prevent, impede |
| coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action) | have begun, began |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | report, announce |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| quoque, adv. | also |
| tripertītō (adv.) | in three divisions |
| dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsus | divide, separate |
| contrā, prep, with acc. | against, contrary to |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| eō, īre, iī, itus | go |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | fight |
| ūnā | together, along |
| cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitus | station oneself, take one's stand; consist |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| intrā, prep. with acc. | within |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| sī, conj. | if |
| quis, qua, quid, indef. pron. | any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | labor, toil |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| graviter, adv. | severely, seriously |
| premō, premere, pressī, pressus | press, check, restrain |
| videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsus | see; pass., seem |
| eō (adv.) | to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more) |
| signum, -ī, n. | sign, signal |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | set together or up; appoint; determine |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow upon or up, pursue |
| tardō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | slow down, check |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| auxilium, -ī, n. | help, aid |
| cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātus | strengthen, establish; declare, assert |
| tandem, adv. | at length or last, finally |
| dexter, -tra, -trum | right |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| iugum, -ī, n. | yoke |
| nancīscor, nancīscī, nactus | get, obtain, find |
| locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n. | place, situation |
| dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus | drive off or away, drive |
| fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrus | flee, run away |
| ūsque, adv. | all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō |
| flūmen, -minis, n. | river |
| ubi, adv. | where; conj., when |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| pedester, -tris, -tre | on foot, infantry (pedestrēs cōpiae: infantry) |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessus | sit down |
| persequor, -sequī, -secūtus | follow up, pursue |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versus | turn the mind to, observe |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| nē, adv. | not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest |
| circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itum | go around |
| vereor, -ērī, -itus | fear |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātus | put in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command |
| fīō, fierī, factus sum | be done or made, become, happen |
| caedēs, -is, f. | cutting down, killing, slaughter |
| nōbilis, -e | well-known, noble |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |
| perdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead or bring through, lead, bring |
| praefectus, -ī m. | commander, officer |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| contrōversia, -ae, f. | quarrel, dispute, debate |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| comitium, -ī n. | place of assembly; plur. comitia, an election, assembly for voting |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| post, adv. | after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind |
| dēfectiō, -ōnis f. | revolt, desertion |
| praesum, -esse, -fuī | be before, preside over, have charge of, command |
| dux, ducis, m. and f. | leader, commander |
| ante, prep, with acc. and adv. | before |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentus | stretch, hasten |