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De Bello Gallico 7.67

The cavalry battle

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.67.1Probātā rē atque omnibus iūreiūrandō adāctīs posterō diē in trēs partēs distribūtō equitātū duae sē aciēs ab duōbus lateribus ostendunt, ūna prīmō agmine iter impedīre coepit.

The proposal was approved and all were sworn by the oath; the next day the cavalry was divided into three parts, two divisions showed themselves on the two flanks, and one began to block the march at the head of the column.

7.67.2Quā rē nūntiātā Caesar suum quoque equitātum tripertītō dīvīsum contrā hostem īre iubet.

When this was reported, Caesar ordered his own cavalry also, divided into three parts, to go against the enemy.

7.67.2Pugnātur ūnā omnibus in partibus.

There was fighting in all parts at once.

7.67.3Cōnsistit agmen;

The column halted;

7.67.3impedīmenta intrā legiōnēs recipiuntur.

the baggage was taken inside the legions.

7.67.4Sī qua in parte nostrī labōrāre aut gravius premī vidēbantur, eō signa īnferrī Caesar aciemque cōnstituī iubēbat;

If our men seemed to be in difficulty or hard pressed in any part, Caesar ordered the standards to be moved forward and the line drawn up there;

Note. Sī qua in parte: after sī, qua is the indefinite 'any'.

7.67.4quae rēs et hostēs ad īnsequendum tardābat et nostrōs spē auxilī cōnfirmābat.

this both slowed the enemy in their pursuit and encouraged our men with the hope of support.

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7.67.5Tandem Germānī ab dextrō latere summum iugum nactī hostēs locō dēpellunt;

At last the Germans on the right flank reached the top of a ridge and drove the enemy from their position;

7.67.5fugientēs usque ad flūmen, ubi Vercingetorīx cum pedestribus cōpiīs cōnsēderat, persequuntur complūrēsque interficiunt.

they chased them as they fled right up to the river where Vercingetorix had halted with his infantry, and killed a good many.

7.67.6Quā rē animadversā reliquī nē circumīrentur veritī sē fugae mandant.

When they saw this, the rest, afraid of being surrounded, took to flight.

7.67.6Omnibus locīs fit caedēs.

There was slaughter everywhere.

7.67.7Trēs nōbilissimī Aeduī captī ad Caesarem perdūcuntur: Cotus, praefectus equitum, quī contrōversiam cum Convictolitāvī proximīs comitiīs habuerat, et Cavarillus, quī post dēfectiōnem Litaviccī pedestribus cōpiīs praefuerat, et Eporēdorīx, quō duce ante adventum Caesaris Aeduī cum Sēquanīs bellō contenderant.

Three of the noblest Aedui were captured and brought to Caesar: Cotus, a cavalry commander, who had been in dispute with Convictolitavis at the last election; Cavarillus, who after Litaviccus' revolt had commanded the infantry; and Eporedorix, under whose leadership, before Caesar's arrival, the Aedui had fought a war with the Sequani.

Vocabulary

probō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumprove, show; approve
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
omnis, -eall, every
iūsiūrandum, iūrisiūrandī n.oath
adigō, -ere, adēgī, adāctumdrive, hurl (a weapon) to
posterus, -a, -umfollowing, next
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
trēs, tria, plur. adj.three
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
distribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtumdivide up, distribute
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
aciēs, -ēī, f.line of battle
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
latus, lateris n.side, flank
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
ūnus, -a, -umone; only, alone
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
agmen, -minis, n.band, column
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
impediō, -pedīre, -pedīvī, -pedītushinder, prevent, impede
coepī, coepisse, coeptus (used in tenses of completed action)have begun, began
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
nūntiō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusreport, announce
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
quoque, adv.also
tripertītō (adv.)in three divisions
dīvidō, -videre, -vīsī, -vīsusdivide, separate
contrā, prep, with acc.against, contrary to
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
eō, īre, iī, itusgo
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
pugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusfight
ūnātogether, along
cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitusstation oneself, take one's stand; consist
impedīmentum, -ī n.hindrance; (pl.) baggage
intrā, prep. with acc.within
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptustake or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover
sī, conj.if
quis, qua, quid, indef. pron.any one, anybody, anything, some one, somebody, something
noster, -tra, -trumour
labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātuslabor, toil
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
graviter, adv.severely, seriously
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
signum, -ī, n.sign, signal
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
que, enclitic conj.and
cōnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtusset together or up; appoint; determine
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
īnsequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow upon or up, pursue
tardō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumslow down, check
spēs, speī, f.hope
auxilium, -ī, n.help, aid
cōnfirmō, -firmāre, -firmāvī, -firmātusstrengthen, establish; declare, assert
tandem, adv.at length or last, finally
dexter, -tra, -trumright
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
iugum, -ī, n.yoke
nancīscor, nancīscī, nactusget, obtain, find
locus, -ī, m., plur. loca, -orum, n.place, situation
dēpellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive off or away, drive
fugiō, fugere, fūgī, fugitūrusflee, run away
ūsque, adv.all the time; ūsque ad, as far as, until; quō ūsque, see quō
flūmen, -minis, n.river
ubi, adv.where; conj., when
cum, prep, with abl.with
pedester, -tris, -treon foot, infantry (pedestrēs cōpiae: infantry)
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
cōnsīdō, -sīdere, -sēdī, -sessussit down
persequor, -sequī, -secūtusfollow up, pursue
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
animadvertō, -vertere, -vertī, -versusturn the mind to, observe
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
nē, adv.not; nē ... quidem, not ... even; conj., that not, lest
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
vereor, -ērī, -itusfear
fuga, -ae, f.flight
mandō, -dāre, -dāvī, -dātusput in hand, intrust, commit; charge, command
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
caedēs, -is, f.cutting down, killing, slaughter
nōbilis, -ewell-known, noble
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
perdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead or bring through, lead, bring
praefectus, -ī m.commander, officer
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
contrōversia, -ae, f.quarrel, dispute, debate
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
comitium, -ī n.place of assembly; plur. comitia, an election, assembly for voting
habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itushave, hold; consider
post, adv.after, later; prep. with acc., after, behind
dēfectiō, -ōnis f.revolt, desertion
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
dux, ducis, m. and f.leader, commander
ante, prep, with acc. and adv.before
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
bellum, -ī, n.war
contendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch, hasten
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.