Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.65
The Province defends itself
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.65.1Ad hōs omnēs cāsūs prōvīsa erant praesidia cohortium duārum et vīgintī, quae ex ipsā prōvinciā ab Lūciō Caesare lēgātō ad omnēs partēs oppōnēbantur.
To meet all these dangers, garrisons of twenty-two cohorts had been provided, which were raised from the Province itself and set against the enemy on every side by Lucius Caesar the legate.
Note. cohortium duārum et vīgintī: 'twenty-two cohorts'; Caesar sometimes puts the smaller number first.
7.65.2Helviī suā sponte cum fīnitimīs proeliō congressī pelluntur et Gāiō Valeriō Donnotaurō, Caburī fīliō, prīncipe cīvitātis, complūribusque aliīs interfectīs intrā oppida ac mūrōs compelluntur.
The Helvii, meeting their neighbours in battle on their own initiative, were driven back, and after Gaius Valerius Donnotaurus, son of Caburus, a leading man of their state, and several others had been killed, they were forced back within their towns and walls.
7.65.3Allobrogēs crēbrīs ad Rhodanum dispositīs praesidiīs magnā cum cūrā et dīligentiā suōs fīnēs tuentur.
The Allobroges, posting frequent guards along the Rhône, defended their territory with great care and diligence.
7.65.4Caesar, quod hostēs equitātū superiōrēs esse intellegēbat et interclūsīs omnibus itineribus nūllā rē ex prōvinciā atque Ītaliā sublevārī poterat, trāns Rhēnum in Germāniam mittit ad eās cīvitātēs quās superiōribus annīs pācāverat, equitēsque ab hīs arcessit et levis armātūrae peditēs, quī inter eōs proeliārī cōnsuērant.
Caesar, because he understood that the enemy were superior in cavalry, and since with all the roads cut he could get no help from the Province or Italy, sent across the Rhine into Germany to those states which he had subdued in previous years, and fetched from them cavalry and the light-armed infantry who were used to fighting among them.
7.65.5Eōrum adventū, quod minus idōneīs equīs ūtēbantur, ā tribūnīs mīlitum reliquīsque equitibus Rōmānīs atque ēvocātīs equōs sūmit Germānīsque distribuit.
When they arrived, because they were riding horses that were not very suitable, he took horses from the military tribunes and the rest of the Roman knights and the re-enlisted veterans, and distributed them to the Germans.
Vocabulary
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| cāsus, -ūs, m. | fall; chance, accident |
| prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsum | foresee; provide for |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| praesidium, -ī, n. | protection; guard, escort |
| cohors, cohortis f. | cohort (a tenth of a legion); company |
| duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj. | two |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| vīgintī, indecl. adj. | twenty |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron. | self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very |
| prōvincia, -ae f. | province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| pars, partis, f. | part, side, direction |
| oppōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positus | set against, place opposite |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suā | of one's own accord, voluntarily |
| cum, prep, with abl. | with |
| fīnitimus, -a, -um | neighboring, adjoining |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| congredior, -ī, -gressus sum | meet; come to grips, fight |
| pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsus | drive, drive away, beat, rout |
| fīlius, -ī, m. | son |
| prīnceps, -ipis | first, chief; as noun: leader |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| intrā, prep. with acc. | within |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| mūrus, -ī, m. | wall |
| compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus | drive together, drive |
| crēber, -bra, -brum | frequent, numerous; close together |
| dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positum | station here and there, post |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| cūra, -ae f. | care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern) |
| dīligentia, -ae, f. | care, diligence, industry |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| tueor, -ērī, tuitus sum | watch over, protect, defend |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| superus, -a, -um; comp. superior, superl. summus or suprēmus | above, upper; comp. higher, earlier, previous; superior; superl. highest, top of |
| intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | perceive, understand |
| interclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsum | cut off, block |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| sublevō, -levāre, -levāvī, -levātus | lift from beneath, lift, raise |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| trāns, prep. with acc. | across, over |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| mittō, mittere, mīsī, missus | send |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| annus, -ī, m. | year |
| pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | subdue, pacify |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītus | call, summon, fetch |
| levis, -e | light, slight |
| armātūra, -ae f. | armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops) |
| pedes, peditis m. | foot soldier |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| proelior, -ārī, -ātus sum | fight a battle |
| cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētus | become accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| minus, comp. adv. | less |
| idōneus, -a, -um | suitable, fit; favorable |
| equus, -ī, m. | horse |
| ūtor, ūtī, ūsus | use |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| reliquus, -a, -um | left, the remaining, the other, the rest of |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātus | call out, challenge |
| sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptus | take under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment |
| distribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtum | divide up, distribute |