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De Bello Gallico 7.65

The Province defends itself

Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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7.65.1Ad hōs omnēs cāsūs prōvīsa erant praesidia cohortium duārum et vīgintī, quae ex ipsā prōvinciā ab Lūciō Caesare lēgātō ad omnēs partēs oppōnēbantur.

To meet all these dangers, garrisons of twenty-two cohorts had been provided, which were raised from the Province itself and set against the enemy on every side by Lucius Caesar the legate.

Note. cohortium duārum et vīgintī: 'twenty-two cohorts'; Caesar sometimes puts the smaller number first.

7.65.2Helviī suā sponte cum fīnitimīs proeliō congressī pelluntur et Gāiō Valeriō Donnotaurō, Caburī fīliō, prīncipe cīvitātis, complūribusque aliīs interfectīs intrā oppida ac mūrōs compelluntur.

The Helvii, meeting their neighbours in battle on their own initiative, were driven back, and after Gaius Valerius Donnotaurus, son of Caburus, a leading man of their state, and several others had been killed, they were forced back within their towns and walls.

7.65.3Allobrogēs crēbrīs ad Rhodanum dispositīs praesidiīs magnā cum cūrā et dīligentiā suōs fīnēs tuentur.

The Allobroges, posting frequent guards along the Rhône, defended their territory with great care and diligence.

7.65.4Caesar, quod hostēs equitātū superiōrēs esse intellegēbat et interclūsīs omnibus itineribus nūllā rē ex prōvinciā atque Ītaliā sublevārī poterat, trāns Rhēnum in Germāniam mittit ad eās cīvitātēs quās superiōribus annīs pācāverat, equitēsque ab hīs arcessit et levis armātūrae peditēs, quī inter eōs proeliārī cōnsuērant.

Caesar, because he understood that the enemy were superior in cavalry, and since with all the roads cut he could get no help from the Province or Italy, sent across the Rhine into Germany to those states which he had subdued in previous years, and fetched from them cavalry and the light-armed infantry who were used to fighting among them.

7.65.5Eōrum adventū, quod minus idōneīs equīs ūtēbantur, ā tribūnīs mīlitum reliquīsque equitibus Rōmānīs atque ēvocātīs equōs sūmit Germānīsque distribuit.

When they arrived, because they were riding horses that were not very suitable, he took horses from the military tribunes and the rest of the Roman knights and the re-enlisted veterans, and distributed them to the Germans.

Vocabulary

ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
omnis, -eall, every
cāsus, -ūs, m.fall; chance, accident
prōvideō, -ēre, -vīdī, -vīsumforesee; provide for
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
praesidium, -ī, n.protection; guard, escort
cohors, cohortis f.cohort (a tenth of a legion); company
duo, -ae, -o, plur. adj.two
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
vīgintī, indecl. adj.twenty
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
prōvincia, -ae f.province; here, the Roman Province in southern Gaul
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
pars, partis, f.part, side, direction
oppōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positusset against, place opposite
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
cum, prep, with abl.with
fīnitimus, -a, -umneighboring, adjoining
proelium, -ī, n.battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle
congredior, -ī, -gressus summeet; come to grips, fight
pellō, pellere, pepulī, pulsusdrive, drive away, beat, rout
fīlius, -ī, m.son
prīnceps, -ipisfirst, chief; as noun: leader
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
que, enclitic conj.and
alius, -a, -udanother, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others
interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusput out of the way, kill
intrā, prep. with acc.within
oppidum, -ī, n.town
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
mūrus, -ī, m.wall
compellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsusdrive together, drive
crēber, -bra, -brumfrequent, numerous; close together
dispōnō, -ere, -posuī, -positumstation here and there, post
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
cūra, -ae f.care, concern (cūrae esse: to be a concern)
dīligentia, -ae, f.care, diligence, industry
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
tueor, -ērī, tuitus sumwatch over, protect, defend
quod, conj.that, in that, because
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
equitātus, -ūs m.cavalry
superus, -a, -um; comp. superior, superl. summus or suprēmusabove, upper; comp. higher, earlier, previous; superior; superl. highest, top of
intellegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusperceive, understand
interclūdō, -ere, -clūsī, -clūsumcut off, block
iter, itineris, n.a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march
nūllus, -a, -umnot any, none, no
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
sublevō, -levāre, -levāvī, -levātuslift from beneath, lift, raise
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
trāns, prep. with acc.across, over
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
mittō, mittere, mīsī, missussend
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
annus, -ī, m.year
pācō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumsubdue, pacify
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
arcessō, -ere, -īvī, -ītuscall, summon, fetch
levis, -elight, slight
armātūra, -ae f.armour, equipment (levis armātūra: light-armed troops)
pedes, peditis m.foot soldier
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
proelior, -ārī, -ātus sumfight a battle
cōnsuēscō, -suēscere, -suēvī, -suētusbecome accustomed; in tenses of completed action, have become accustomed, be accustomed or wont
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
minus, comp. adv.less
idōneus, -a, -umsuitable, fit; favorable
equus, -ī, m.horse
ūtor, ūtī, ūsususe
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
reliquus, -a, -umleft, the remaining, the other, the rest of
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
ēvocō, -vocāre, -vocāvī, -vocātuscall out, challenge
sūmō, sūmere, sūmpsī, sūmptustake under or up, take; poenam sūmere, to exact or inflict punishment
distribuō, -ere, -tribuī, -tribūtumdivide up, distribute
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.