Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.42
The Aedui turn on the Romans
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.42.1Dum haec ad Gergoviam geruntur, Aeduī prīmīs nūntiīs ab Litaviccō acceptīs nūllum sibi ad cognōscendum spatium relinquunt.
While these things are going on at Gergovia, the Aedui, on receiving the first reports from Litaviccus, leave themselves no time to find out the truth.
7.42.2Impellit aliōs avāritia, aliōs īrācundia et temeritās, quae maximē illī hominum generī est innāta, ut levem audītiōnem habeant prō rē compertā.
Some are driven by greed, others by anger and rashness, which is especially inborn in that race of men, so that they take an idle rumour for an established fact.
Note. levem audītiōnem habeant prō rē compertā: 'they take an idle rumour for an established fact'. The result clause (ut … habeant) depends on impellit.
7.42.3Bona cīvium Rōmānōrum dīripiunt, caedēs faciunt, in servitūtem abstrahunt.
They plunder the property of Roman citizens, commit murders, and drag people off into slavery.
7.42.4Adiuvat rem prōclīnātam Convictolitāvis plēbemque ad furōrem impellit, ut facinore admissō ad sānitātem revertī pudeat.
Convictolitavis helps along the tottering situation and drives the common people to frenzy, so that, once the crime has been committed, they may be ashamed to return to their senses.
Note. ut … pudeat: impersonal pudet, 'so that they would be ashamed', with the reason left to be understood from facinore admissō.
7.42.5Mārcum Aristium, tribūnum mīlitum, iter ad legiōnem facientem fidē datā ex oppidō Cabillōnō ēdūcunt: idem facere cōgunt eōs, quī negōtiandī causā ibi cōnstiterant.
Marcus Aristius, a military tribune, who was on the march to his legion, they lead out of the town of Cabillonum under a promise of safety; they force those who had settled there to trade to do the same.
7.42.6Hōs continuō (in) itinere adortī omnibus impedīmentīs exuunt;
They attack these at once on the march and strip them of all their baggage;
Note. The editors print (in) in brackets: the word was added by editors and is not in the manuscripts.
7.42.6repugnantēs diem noctemque obsident;
when they resist, they besiege them day and night;
7.42.6multīs utrimque interfectīs maiōrem multitūdinem armātōrum concitant.
after many had been killed on both sides, they stir up a greater number of armed men.
Vocabulary
| dum, conj. | while, as; as long as; until |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| gerō, gerere, gessī, gestus | carry, wear; carry on, do |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| accipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take to oneself, receive, accept; hear; suffer |
| nūllus, -a, -um | not any, none, no |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitus | find out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know |
| spatium, -ī, n. | space, interval; space of time, time |
| relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictus | leave behind, leave |
| impellō, -pellere, -pulī, -pulsus | drive or urge on, incite, urge |
| alius, -a, -ud | another, other; aliī ... aliī, some ... others |
| avāritia, -ae f. | greed |
| īrācundia, -ae f. | anger, hot temper |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| temeritās, -ātis f. | rashness, recklessness |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| maximē, adv. | very greatly, exceedingly, especially |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| homō, hominis, m. | man |
| genus, generis, n. | kind, nature |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| innāscor, -ī, -nātus sum | be born in, arise in |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| levis, -e | light, slight |
| audītiō, -ōnis f. | hearing; hearsay, rumor |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| prō, prep. with abl. | before, in front of; for, in behalf of; for, as; in return for, for |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| comperiō, -īre, comperī, compertum | find out, learn |
| bonum, -ī n. | a good thing, advantage; (pl.) goods |
| cīvis, -is, m. and f. | citizen, fellow-citizen, subject |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| dīripiō, -ere, -ripuī, -reptum | plunder |
| caedēs, -is, f. | cutting down, killing, slaughter |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| servitūs, -tūtis, f. | slavery, servitude |
| abstrahō, -ere, -trāxī, -tractum | drag away, carry off |
| adiuvō, -āre, adiūvī, adiūtum | help, assist |
| prōclīnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | bend forward; rēs prōclīnāta: a cause already tottering |
| plēbs, plēbis f. | the common people |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| furor, -ōris, m. | rage, fury, frenzy, madness |
| facinus, facinoris, n. | deed, crime |
| admittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send to, admit; allow |
| sānitās, -tātis, f. | soundness; right reason, sanity |
| revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertī | turn back, return |
| pudet, -ēre, puduit (impers.) | it shames, one is ashamed |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| iter, itineris, n. | a going, journey, march; iter facere, to journey, march |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| fidēs, -eī f. | faith, trust; pledge |
| dō, dare, dedī, datus | give |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead out, draw |
| īdem, eadem, idem, dem. pron. | the same; sometimes to be translated likewise, also |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| negōtior, -ārī, -ātus sum | do business, trade |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| ibi, adv. | in that place, there |
| cōnsistō, -sistere, -stitī, -stitus | station oneself, take one's stand; consist |
| continuō (adv.) | at once, immediately |
| adorior, -īrī, adortus sum | attack |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| impedīmentum, -ī n. | hindrance; (pl.) baggage |
| exuō, -uere, -uī, -ūtus | put or take off |
| repugnō, -pugnāre, -pugnāvī, -pugnātus | fight against, struggle, resist |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| nox, noctis, f. | night |
| obsideō, -sidēre, -sēdī, -sessus | beset, besiege |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| utrimque, adv. | on either side or both sides |
| interficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | put out of the way, kill |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| multitūdō, -tūdinis, f. | multitude |
| armātus, -a, -um | armed |
| concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | stir up, rouse |