Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 7
De Bello Gallico 7.13
The cavalry fight; on to Avaricum
Caesar, De Bello Gallico VII. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō7.13.1Caesar ex castrīs equitātum ēdūcī iubet, proelium equestre committit: labōrantibus iam suīs Germānōs equitēs circiter CCCC summittit, quōs ab initiō habēre sēcum īnstituerat.
Caesar orders the cavalry to be led out of the camp and begins a cavalry battle; when his men were now in difficulty, he sends in to help them about four hundred German horsemen, whom he had decided from the beginning to keep with him.
7.13.2Eōrum impetum Gallī sustinēre nōn potuērunt atque in fugam coniectī multīs āmissīs sē ad agmen recēpērunt.
The Gauls could not withstand their charge and, put to flight with heavy losses, retreated to their main column.
7.13.2Quibus prōflīgātīs rūrsus oppidānī perterritī comprehēnsōs eōs, quōrum operā plēbem concitātam exīstimābant, ad Caesarem perdūxērunt sēsēque eī dēdidērunt.
When they had been routed, the townspeople, terrified again, seized those by whose efforts they thought the common people had been stirred up, brought them to Caesar, and surrendered to him.
7.13.3Quibus rēbus cōnfectīs, Caesar ad oppidum Avaricum, quod erat maximum mūnītissimumque in fīnibus Biturīgum atque agrī fertilissimā regiōne, profectus est, quod eō oppidō receptō cīvitātem Biturīgum sē in potestātem redāctūrum cōnfīdēbat.
With this done, Caesar set out for the town of Avaricum, which was the largest and best fortified in the territory of the Bituriges and in a very fertile region, because he was confident that once this town was taken he would bring the state of the Bituriges under his control.
Vocabulary
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| castra, -ōrum, n. plur. | camp |
| equitātus, -ūs m. | cavalry |
| ēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead out, draw |
| iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussus | bid, order, command |
| proelium, -ī, n. | battle, combat; proelium committere, to join battle |
| equester, -tris, -tre | of cavalry |
| committō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send together; commit, intrust; expose; proelium committere, to join battle |
| labōrō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | labor, toil |
| iam, adv. | now, already |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| circiter, prep. with acc. and adv. | about |
| Roman numeral | a number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000 |
| submittō, -ere, -mīsī, -missum | send (as help) |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| initium, -ī, n. | beginning |
| habeō, -ēre, -uī, -itus | have, hold; consider |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| īnstituō, -stituere, -stituī, -stitūtus | decide upon, determine |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or bear up, sustain, withstand |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| fuga, -ae, f. | flight |
| coniciō, -icere, -iēcī, -iectus | throw together; throw, cast, hurl |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| āmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send away, lose |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| agmen, -minis, n. | band, column |
| recipiō, -cipere, -cēpī, -ceptus | take or get back, recover; sē recipere, to betake oneself, withdraw; to collect oneself, recover |
| prōflīgō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | rout, defeat utterly |
| rūrsus, adv. | again |
| oppidānus, -ī m. | townsman (pl. the people of the town) |
| perterreō, -terrēre, -terrui, -territus | thoroughly frighten, terrify |
| comprehendō, -prehendere, -prehendī, -prehēnsus | seize, catch |
| opera, -ae, f. | effort, work, labor |
| plēbs, plēbis f. | the common people |
| concitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | stir up, rouse |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| perdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductus | lead or bring through, lead, bring |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| dēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | give away or up |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectus | make or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out |
| oppidum, -ī, n. | town |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| mūnītus, -a, -um | fortified, defended, protected |
| fīnis, -is, m. | end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country |
| ager, agri, m. | field, land |
| fertilis, -e | fertile, fruitful |
| regiō, -ōnis, f. | direction; country, region |
| proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sum | set out, depart, march |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| potestās, -ātis f. | power, authority |
| redigō, -ere, redēgī, redāctum | bring back; reduce (to a condition) |
| cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sum | trust, be confident |