Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 5
De Bello Gallico 5.39
The attack on Cicero's camp
Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō5.39.1Itaque cōnfestim dīmissīs nūntiīs ad Ceutronēs, Grudiōs, Levacōs, Pleumoxiōs, Geidumnōs, quī omnēs sub eōrum imperiō sunt, quam maximās manūs possunt cōgunt et dē imprōvīsō ad Cicerōnis hīberna advolant nōndum ad eum fāma dē Titūrī morte perlātā.
So, sending messengers at once to the Ceutrones, Grudii, Levaci, Pleumoxii and Geidumni, who are all under their rule, they gather the largest forces they can and suddenly swoop on Cicero's winter camp, before the news of Titurius' death had reached him.
5.39.2Huic quoque accidit, quod fuit necesse, ut nōnnūllī mīlitēs, quī lignātiōnis mūnītiōnisque causā in silvās discessissent, repentīnō equitum adventū interciperentur.
He too suffered what was bound to happen, that some soldiers who had gone off into the woods to gather wood and building material were cut off by the sudden arrival of the cavalry.
5.39.3Hīs circumventīs magnā manū Eburōnēs, Nerviī, Aduatucī atque hōrum omnium sociī et clientēs legiōnem oppugnāre incipiunt.
When these had been surrounded, the Eburones, Nervii and Atuatuci, and the allies and dependants of all of them, begin to attack the legion with a great force.
5.39.3Nostrī celeriter ad arma concurrunt, vallum cōnscendunt.
Our men quickly run to arms and mount the rampart.
5.39.4Aegrē is diēs sustentātur, quod omnem spem hostēs in celeritāte pōnēbant atque hanc adeptī victōriam in perpetuum sē fore victōrēs cōnfīdēbant.
That day was barely held out, because the enemy placed all their hope in speed and were confident that if they won this victory they would be victors for ever.
Vocabulary
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| cōnfestim (adv.) | at once, immediately |
| dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missus | send different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose |
| nūntius, -ī, m. | messenger; message |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| omnis, -e | all, every |
| sub, prep. with acc. and abl. | under; sub vesperum, towards evening |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| imperium, -ī, n. | command; sway, rule |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| manus, -ūs, f. | hand |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctus | drive together, collect; compel |
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| imprōvīsus, -a, -um | unexpected (dē imprōvīsō: unexpectedly) |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |
| advolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | fly at, rush at |
| nōndum, adv. | not yet |
| fāma, -ae, f. | report, rumor |
| mors, mortīs, f. | death |
| perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus | bear through, bear, endure; weather |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| quoque, adv. | also |
| accidō, -cidere, -cidī | fall to or upon; befall, happen |
| necesse, indecl. adj. | necessary |
| ut, conj. | as; when; that; ita ut, as |
| nōnnūllus, -a, -um | not none, some, several |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| lignātiō, -ōnis f. | gathering firewood |
| mūnītiō, -ōnis f. | fortification, defence works |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| causa, -ae, f. | cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of |
| in, prep. with acc. and abl. | with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on |
| silva, -ae, f. | wood, forest |
| discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus | go apart, withdraw, depart |
| repentīnus, -a, -um | sudden |
| eques, equitis m. | horseman; (pl.) cavalry |
| adventus, -ūs, m. | approach, arrival |
| intercipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptum | intercept, catch |
| circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventum | surround |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| socius, -ī, m. | companion, comrade, ally |
| cliēns, -entis m. | client, dependent |
| legiō, -ōnis f. | legion |
| oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | attack, besiege |
| incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptum | begin |
| noster, -tra, -trum | our |
| celeriter, adv. | swiftly, quickly |
| arma, -ōrum, n. plur. | arms, weapons |
| concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursus | run, rush, or dash together |
| vallum, -ī n. | rampart, palisade |
| cōnscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsus | climb; nāvem cōnscendere, to climb the ship, go on board, embark |
| aegrē, adv. | ill, with difficulty |
| diēs, -ēī, m. and f. | day |
| sustentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātum | hold out, endure |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| spēs, speī, f. | hope |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| celeritās, -tātis, f. | swiftness, quickness, speed |
| pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positus | place, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on |
| adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sum | obtain, win, gain |
| victōria, -ae, f. | victory |
| perpetuus, -a, -um | continuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever |
| suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron. | himself, herself, itself, themselves |
| victor, -ōris m. | conqueror, victor |
| cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sum | trust, be confident |