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De Bello Gallico 5.39

The attack on Cicero's camp

Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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5.39.1Itaque cōnfestim dīmissīs nūntiīs ad Ceutronēs, Grudiōs, Levacōs, Pleumoxiōs, Geidumnōs, quī omnēs sub eōrum imperiō sunt, quam maximās manūs possunt cōgunt et dē imprōvīsō ad Cicerōnis hīberna advolant nōndum ad eum fāma dē Titūrī morte perlātā.

So, sending messengers at once to the Ceutrones, Grudii, Levaci, Pleumoxii and Geidumni, who are all under their rule, they gather the largest forces they can and suddenly swoop on Cicero's winter camp, before the news of Titurius' death had reached him.

5.39.2Huic quoque accidit, quod fuit necesse, ut nōnnūllī mīlitēs, quī lignātiōnis mūnītiōnisque causā in silvās discessissent, repentīnō equitum adventū interciperentur.

He too suffered what was bound to happen, that some soldiers who had gone off into the woods to gather wood and building material were cut off by the sudden arrival of the cavalry.

5.39.3Hīs circumventīs magnā manū Eburōnēs, Nerviī, Aduatucī atque hōrum omnium sociī et clientēs legiōnem oppugnāre incipiunt.

When these had been surrounded, the Eburones, Nervii and Atuatuci, and the allies and dependants of all of them, begin to attack the legion with a great force.

5.39.3Nostrī celeriter ad arma concurrunt, vallum cōnscendunt.

Our men quickly run to arms and mount the rampart.

5.39.4Aegrē is diēs sustentātur, quod omnem spem hostēs in celeritāte pōnēbant atque hanc adeptī victōriam in perpetuum sē fore victōrēs cōnfīdēbant.

That day was barely held out, because the enemy placed all their hope in speed and were confident that if they won this victory they would be victors for ever.

Vocabulary

itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
cōnfestim (adv.)at once, immediately
dīmittō, -mittere, -mīsī, -missussend different ways, send forth or away, despatch; let slip, lose
nūntius, -ī, m.messenger; message
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
omnis, -eall, every
sub, prep. with acc. and abl.under; sub vesperum, towards evening
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
manus, -ūs, f.hand
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
cōgō, cōgere, coēgī, coāctusdrive together, collect; compel
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
imprōvīsus, -a, -umunexpected (dē imprōvīsō: unexpectedly)
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
advolō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumfly at, rush at
nōndum, adv.not yet
fāma, -ae, f.report, rumor
mors, mortīs, f.death
perferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear through, bear, endure; weather
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
quoque, adv.also
accidō, -cidere, -cidīfall to or upon; befall, happen
necesse, indecl. adj.necessary
ut, conj.as; when; that; ita ut, as
nōnnūllus, -a, -umnot none, some, several
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
lignātiō, -ōnis f.gathering firewood
mūnītiō, -ōnis f.fortification, defence works
que, enclitic conj.and
causa, -ae, f.cause, reason; abl. causā, for the sake of
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
silva, -ae, f.wood, forest
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
repentīnus, -a, -umsudden
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
adventus, -ūs, m.approach, arrival
intercipiō, -ere, -cēpī, -ceptumintercept, catch
circumveniō, -īre, -vēnī, -ventumsurround
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
socius, -ī, m.companion, comrade, ally
cliēns, -entis m.client, dependent
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
oppugnō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumattack, besiege
incipiō, -ere, incēpī, inceptumbegin
noster, -tra, -trumour
celeriter, adv.swiftly, quickly
arma, -ōrum, n. plur.arms, weapons
concurrō, -currere, -currī, -cursusrun, rush, or dash together
vallum, -ī n.rampart, palisade
cōnscendō, -scendere, -scendī, -scēnsusclimb; nāvem cōnscendere, to climb the ship, go on board, embark
aegrē, adv.ill, with difficulty
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
sustentō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumhold out, endure
quod, conj.that, in that, because
spēs, speī, f.hope
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
celeritās, -tātis, f.swiftness, quickness, speed
pōnō, pōnere, posuī, positusplace, put; pōnī with in and abl., to be placed in, rest or depend on
adipīscor, -ī, adeptus sumobtain, win, gain
victōria, -ae, f.victory
perpetuus, -a, -umcontinuous, perpetual; in perpetuum, for all time, forever
suī, sibi, sē or sēsē, reflexive pron.himself, herself, itself, themselves
victor, -ōris m.conqueror, victor
cōnfīdō, -ere, cōnfīsus sumtrust, be confident
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.