Lectitō › Julius Caesar › Gallic War, Book 5
De Bello Gallico 5.28
The council of war: Cotta's view
Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.
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Read in Lectitō5.28.1Arpinēius et Iūnius, quae audiērunt, ad lēgātōs dēferunt.
Arpineius and Junius report what they have heard to the legates.
5.28.1Illī repentīnā rē perturbātī, etsī ab hoste ea dīcēbantur, tamen nōn neglegenda exīstimābant maximēque hāc rē permovēbantur, quod cīvitātem ignōbilem atque humilem Eburōnum suā sponte populō Rōmānō bellum facere ausam vix erat crēdendum.
Thrown into confusion by the sudden turn of events, they thought that, although these things were said by an enemy, they should still not be ignored; and they were especially moved by this, that it was hardly to be believed that the obscure and weak state of the Eburones had dared on its own initiative to make war on the Roman people.
Note. nōn neglegenda: gerundive of obligation, 'not to be ignored'. vix erat crēdendum: 'it was hardly to be believed'.
5.28.2Itaque ad cōnsilium rem dēferunt magnaque inter eōs exsistit contrōversia.
So they refer the matter to a council, and a great dispute arises among them.
5.28.3Lūcius Aurunculeius complūrēsque tribūnī mīlitum et prīmōrum ōrdinum centuriōnēs nihil temerē agendum neque ex hībernīs iniussū Caesaris discēdendum exīstimābant: quantāsvīs magnās cōpiās etiam Germānōrum sustinērī posse mūnītīs hībernīs docēbant: rem esse testimōniō, quod prīmum hostium impetum multīs ultrō vulneribus illātīs fortissimē sustinuerint: rē frūmentāriā nōn premī;
Lucius Aurunculeius and several military tribunes and centurions of the first ranks thought that nothing should be done rashly and that they should not leave winter quarters without Caesar's order: they argued that forces of the Germans too, however great, could be held off in a fortified winter camp; the proof was that they had very bravely withstood the enemy's first attack and had even inflicted many wounds; they were not short of corn;
Note. nihil temere agendum … discēdendum: impersonal gerundives, with esse understood. reī testimōniō: 'served as proof', a dative of purpose.
5.28.3intereā et ex proximīs hībernīs et ā Caesare conventūra subsidia: postrēmō quid esse levius aut turpius, quam auctōre hoste dē summīs rēbus capere cōnsilium?
in the meantime help would come both from the nearest winter camps and from Caesar; finally, what was more foolish or more shameful than to take a decision on matters of the highest importance on the advice of an enemy?
Note. quid esse levius: a rhetorical question in indirect speech goes into the infinitive. auctōre hoste: ablative absolute, 'on the advice of an enemy'.
Vocabulary
| et, conj. | and; et ... et, both ... and |
| quī, quae, quod, rel. pron. | who, which |
| audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | hear; listen or attend to |
| ad, prep. with acc. | to, toward; at, near; for |
| lēgātus, -ī, m. | ambassador |
| dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātus | bear or carry away or off |
| ille, illa, illud, dem. pron. | that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc |
| repentīnus, -a, -um | sudden |
| rēs, reī, f. | thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really |
| perturbō, -turbāre, -turbāvi, -turbātus | greatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion |
| etsī, conj. | even if, although |
| ā, ab (prep. + abl.) | away from, from; by (ā only before consonants) |
| hostis, -is, m. and f. | enemy, foe |
| is, ea, id, dem. pron. | this, that; he, she, it, they |
| dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictus | say, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day |
| tamen, adv. | however, yet, nevertheless |
| nōn, adv. | not |
| neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctus | disregard, neglect |
| exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātus | consider, believe, think |
| maximē, adv. | very greatly, exceedingly, especially |
| que, enclitic conj. | and |
| hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron. | this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter |
| permoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtum | move deeply, influence |
| quod, conj. | that, in that, because |
| cīvitās, -tātis, f. | state |
| ignōbilis, -e | unknown, obscure; of low birth |
| atque, ac (conj.) | and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants) |
| humilis, -e | low; humble, poor |
| suus, -a, -um | his, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their |
| sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suā | of one's own accord, voluntarily |
| populus, -ī m. | people, nation |
| Rōmānus, -a, -um | Roman |
| bellum, -ī, n. | war |
| faciō, facere, fēcī, factus | make, do; iter facere, see iter |
| audeō, audēre, ausus sum | dare |
| vix, adv. | with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely |
| sum, esse, fuī, futūrus | be |
| crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditus | believe |
| itaque, adv. | and so, accordingly, therefore |
| cōnsilium, -ī, n. | advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence |
| magnus, -a, -um | large, big, great, mighty; loud |
| inter, prep, with acc. | among, between |
| exsistō, -ere, -stitī | come forth, arise; appear |
| contrōversia, -ae, f. | quarrel, dispute, debate |
| complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj. | several, many |
| tribūnus, -ī m. | tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion) |
| mīles, mīlitis, m. | soldier |
| prīmus, -a, -um | first, foremost |
| ōrdō, ōrdinis, m. | arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order |
| centuriō, -ōnis m. | centurion (officer commanding about 80 men) |
| nihil, n., indecl. | nothing |
| temerē, adv. | rashly |
| agō, agere, ēgī, āctus | drive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia |
| neque or nec, conj. | and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not |
| ex, ē (prep. + abl.) | out of, from; of (ē only before consonants) |
| hīberna, -ōrum n. pl. | winter quarters |
| iniussū (abl. only) | without the order (of) |
| discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessus | go apart, withdraw, depart |
| quantusvīs, -avīs, -umvīs | as great as you like, however great |
| cōpia, -ae, f. | supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops |
| etiam, adv. | and now, also, too, even |
| sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentus | hold or bear up, sustain, withstand |
| possum, posse, potuī | be able, have power, can |
| mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītus | fortify |
| doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tus | teach, explain |
| testimōnium, -ī n. | evidence, proof |
| impetus, -ūs, m. | attack; impetum facere, to charge |
| multus, -a, -um | much, great; plur., many |
| ultrō (adv.) | of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth) |
| vulnus, vulneris, n. | wound |
| īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātus | bring in or against, wage against; inflict |
| fortiter, adv. | bravely |
| frūmentārius, -a, -um | of grain (rēs frūmentāria: grain supply) |
| premō, premere, pressī, pressus | press, check, restrain |
| intereā, adv. | in the meantime, meanwhile |
| proximus, -a, -um | nearest, next |
| conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventus | come together, assemble |
| subsidium, -ī, n. | reserve, reinforcement, support, help |
| postrēmō (adv.) | finally, at last |
| quis, quid, interrog. pron. | who? which? what? |
| levis, -e | light, slight |
| aut, conj. | or; aut ... aut, either ... or |
| turpis, -e | disgraceful |
| quam, adv. | how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible |
| auctor, -ōris m. | originator, instigator |
| dē, prep, with abl. | down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of |
| summus, -a, -um | uppermost, highest, greatest |
| capiō, capere, cēpī, captus | take, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt |