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De Bello Gallico 5.28

The council of war: Cotta's view

Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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5.28.1Arpinēius et Iūnius, quae audiērunt, ad lēgātōs dēferunt.

Arpineius and Junius report what they have heard to the legates.

5.28.1Illī repentīnā rē perturbātī, etsī ab hoste ea dīcēbantur, tamen nōn neglegenda exīstimābant maximēque hāc rē permovēbantur, quod cīvitātem ignōbilem atque humilem Eburōnum suā sponte populō Rōmānō bellum facere ausam vix erat crēdendum.

Thrown into confusion by the sudden turn of events, they thought that, although these things were said by an enemy, they should still not be ignored; and they were especially moved by this, that it was hardly to be believed that the obscure and weak state of the Eburones had dared on its own initiative to make war on the Roman people.

Note. nōn neglegenda: gerundive of obligation, 'not to be ignored'. vix erat crēdendum: 'it was hardly to be believed'.

5.28.2Itaque ad cōnsilium rem dēferunt magnaque inter eōs exsistit contrōversia.

So they refer the matter to a council, and a great dispute arises among them.

5.28.3Lūcius Aurunculeius complūrēsque tribūnī mīlitum et prīmōrum ōrdinum centuriōnēs nihil temerē agendum neque ex hībernīs iniussū Caesaris discēdendum exīstimābant: quantāsvīs magnās cōpiās etiam Germānōrum sustinērī posse mūnītīs hībernīs docēbant: rem esse testimōniō, quod prīmum hostium impetum multīs ultrō vulneribus illātīs fortissimē sustinuerint: rē frūmentāriā nōn premī;

Lucius Aurunculeius and several military tribunes and centurions of the first ranks thought that nothing should be done rashly and that they should not leave winter quarters without Caesar's order: they argued that forces of the Germans too, however great, could be held off in a fortified winter camp; the proof was that they had very bravely withstood the enemy's first attack and had even inflicted many wounds; they were not short of corn;

Note. nihil temere agendum … discēdendum: impersonal gerundives, with esse understood. reī testimōniō: 'served as proof', a dative of purpose.

5.28.3intereā et ex proximīs hībernīs et ā Caesare conventūra subsidia: postrēmō quid esse levius aut turpius, quam auctōre hoste dē summīs rēbus capere cōnsilium?

in the meantime help would come both from the nearest winter camps and from Caesar; finally, what was more foolish or more shameful than to take a decision on matters of the highest importance on the advice of an enemy?

Note. quid esse levius: a rhetorical question in indirect speech goes into the infinitive. auctōre hoste: ablative absolute, 'on the advice of an enemy'.

Vocabulary

et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
audiō, -īre, -īvī, -ītushear; listen or attend to
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
lēgātus, -ī, m.ambassador
dēferō, -ferre, -tulī, -lātusbear or carry away or off
ille, illa, illud, dem. pron.that; he, she, it, they; ille ... hīc, see hīc
repentīnus, -a, -umsudden
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
perturbō, -turbāre, -turbāvi, -turbātusgreatly disturb, disturb, agitate, throw into confusion
etsī, conj.even if, although
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
hostis, -is, m. and f.enemy, foe
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
tamen, adv.however, yet, nevertheless
nōn, adv.not
neglegō, -legere, -lēxī, -lēctusdisregard, neglect
exīstimō, -āre, -āvī, -ātusconsider, believe, think
maximē, adv.very greatly, exceedingly, especially
que, enclitic conj.and
hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
permoveō, -ēre, -mōvī, -mōtummove deeply, influence
quod, conj.that, in that, because
cīvitās, -tātis, f.state
ignōbilis, -eunknown, obscure; of low birth
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
humilis, -elow; humble, poor
suus, -a, -umhis, her, its, or their own; his, her, its, their
sponte, f. abl. sing., modified by meā, tuā, suāof one's own accord, voluntarily
populus, -ī m.people, nation
Rōmānus, -a, -umRoman
bellum, -ī, n.war
faciō, facere, fēcī, factusmake, do; iter facere, see iter
audeō, audēre, ausus sumdare
vix, adv.with difficulty, scarcely, hardly, barely
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
crēdō, -dere, -didī, -ditusbelieve
itaque, adv.and so, accordingly, therefore
cōnsilium, -ī, n.advice; plan, design, purpose; prudence
magnus, -a, -umlarge, big, great, mighty; loud
inter, prep, with acc.among, between
exsistō, -ere, -stitīcome forth, arise; appear
contrōversia, -ae, f.quarrel, dispute, debate
complūrēs, -plūra, plur. adj.several, many
tribūnus, -ī m.tribune (tribūnus mīlitum: senior officer of a legion)
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
prīmus, -a, -umfirst, foremost
ōrdō, ōrdinis, m.arrangement, order, rank; ex ōrdine, in order
centuriō, -ōnis m.centurion (officer commanding about 80 men)
nihil, n., indecl.nothing
temerē, adv.rashly
agō, agere, ēgī, āctusdrive; do; pass, lead; grātiās agere, see grātia
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
iniussū (abl. only)without the order (of)
discēdō, -cēdere, -cessī, -cessusgo apart, withdraw, depart
quantusvīs, -avīs, -umvīsas great as you like, however great
cōpia, -ae, f.supply, abundance; plur., forces, troops
etiam, adv.and now, also, too, even
sustineō, -tinēre, -tinuī, -tentushold or bear up, sustain, withstand
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
mūniō, -īre, -īvī, -ītusfortify
doceo, -ēre, -uī, -tusteach, explain
testimōnium, -ī n.evidence, proof
impetus, -ūs, m.attack; impetum facere, to charge
multus, -a, -ummuch, great; plur., many
ultrō (adv.)of one's own accord; besides (ultrō citrōque: back and forth)
vulnus, vulneris, n.wound
īnferō, īnferre, intulī, inlātusbring in or against, wage against; inflict
fortiter, adv.bravely
frūmentārius, -a, -umof grain (rēs frūmentāria: grain supply)
premō, premere, pressī, pressuspress, check, restrain
intereā, adv.in the meantime, meanwhile
proximus, -a, -umnearest, next
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
subsidium, -ī, n.reserve, reinforcement, support, help
postrēmō (adv.)finally, at last
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
levis, -elight, slight
aut, conj.or; aut ... aut, either ... or
turpis, -edisgraceful
quam, adv.how? as; than; with superl., as ... as possible
auctor, -ōris m.originator, instigator
dē, prep, with abl.down from, from, out of; about, concerning, of
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
capiō, capere, cēpī, captustake, catch, seize; receive, suffer; adopt
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.