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De Bello Gallico 5.2

The fleet is ready; march against the Treveri

Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text with a sentence-by-sentence English translation, notes and vocabulary.

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5.2.1Hīs cōnfectīs rēbus conventibusque perāctīs, in citeriōrem Galliam revertitur atque inde ad exercitum proficīscitur.

When these matters had been settled and the assemblies finished, he returned to Nearer Gaul and set out from there to the army.

5.2.2Eō cum vēnisset, circumitīs omnibus hībernīs, singulārī mīlitum studiō in summā omnium rērum inopiā circiter sescentās eius generis cuius suprā dēmōnstrāvimus nāvēs et longās XXVIII invēnit īnstrūctās neque multum abesse ab eō quīn paucīs diēbus dēdūcī possint.

When he had come there and gone round all the winter camps, he found that, through the extraordinary zeal of the soldiers and in spite of the greatest shortage of everything, about six hundred ships of the kind we described above and twenty-eight warships had been fitted out, and that they were not far from being able to be launched within a few days.

Note. neque multum abesse ab eō quīn … possint: 'and that they were not far from being able …'; quīn with the subjunctive after a negative expression of hindering or distance.

5.2.3Collaudātīs mīlitibus atque eīs quī negōtiō praefuerant, quid fierī velit ostendit atque omnēs ad portum Itium convenīre iubet, quō ex portū commodissimum in Britanniam trāiectum esse cognōverat, circiter mīlium passuum XXX trānsmissum ā continentī: huic reī quod satis esse vīsum est mīlitum relīquit;

Having warmly praised the soldiers and those who had been in charge of the work, he showed what he wanted done and ordered them all to assemble at Portus Itius, from which harbour he had learned the crossing to Britain was most convenient, a passage of about thirty miles from the continent; he left as many soldiers for this task as seemed enough;

Note. quō ex portū: the antecedent portum Itium is repeated inside the relative clause, as Caesar often does. Portus Itius was probably at or near Boulogne.

5.2.4ipse cum legiōnibus expedītīs IIII et equitibus DCCC in fīnēs Trēverōrum proficīscitur, quod hī neque ad concilia veniēbant neque imperiō pārēbant Germānōsque Trānsrhēnānōs sollicitāre dīcēbantur.

he himself set out with four legions in light order and eight hundred cavalry into the territory of the Treveri, because they were neither coming to the councils nor obeying his command, and were said to be stirring up the Germans across the Rhine.

Note. Germānōsque Trānsrhēnānōs sollicitāre dīcēbantur: personal construction with dīcor, 'they were said to be stirring up'.

Vocabulary

hic, haec, hoc, dem. pron.this; ille ... hīc, that ... this, the former ... the latter
cōnficiō, -ficere, -fēcī, -fectusmake or do completely, complete, finish, accomplish, make; wear out
rēs, reī, f.thing, matter, affair, circumstance, situation; rē vērā, in truth, in fact, really
conventus, -ūs m.meeting, assembly
que, enclitic conj.and
peragō, -ere, -ēgī, -āctumcarry through, complete
in, prep. with acc. and abl.with acc.: into, onto, against; with abl.: in, on
citerior, -ius, adj.on this side, hither
revertor, -vertī, -versus, perf. act. -vertīturn back, return
atque, ac (conj.)and; after comparisons: as, than (ac only before consonants)
inde (adv.)from there; then
ad, prep. with acc.to, toward; at, near; for
exercitus, -ūs, m.army
proficīscor, -ficīscī, -fectus sumset out, depart, march
eō (adv.)to that place, thither; to that point (usque eō); (with comparatives) by so much, all the (more)
cum, conj.when, while, after; since; although
veniō, venīre, vēnī, ventuscome
circumeō, -īre, -iī, -itumgo around
omnis, -eall, every
hīberna, -ōrum n. pl.winter quarters
singulāris, -esingle; remarkable
mīles, mīlitis, m.soldier
studium, -ī, n.eagerness, zeal; study, pursuit
summus, -a, -umuppermost, highest, greatest
inopia, -ae f.lack, want, scarcity
circiter, prep. with acc. and adv.about
sescentī, -ae, -asix hundred
is, ea, id, dem. pron.this, that; he, she, it, they
genus, generis, n.kind, nature
quī, quae, quod, rel. pron.who, which
suprā, adv. and prep. with acc.above, before
dēmōnstrō, -mōnstrāre, -mōnstrāvī, -mōnstrātuspoint out, show; make known
nāvis, -is, f.ship
et, conj.and; et ... et, both ... and
longus, -a, -umlong; tedious
Roman numerala number written with letters: I 1, V 5, X 10, L 50, C 100, D 500, M 1000
inveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome upon, find
īnstruo, -struere, -strūxī, -strūctusbuild in or into; draw up; equip, furnish,
neque or nec, conj.and not, nor; neque ... neque, neither ... nor; neque enim, for ... not
multum, -ī, n.much
absum, abesse, āfuī, āfutūrusbe away, be absent, be distant; be wanting
ā, ab (prep. + abl.)away from, from; by (ā only before consonants)
quīn, conj.so that ... not, but that, but
paucī, -ae, -a, plur. adj.few
diēs, -ēī, m. and f.day
dēdūcō, -dūcere, -dūxī, -ductuslead down or away, bring; nāvem dēdūcere, to draw down or launch a ship
possum, posse, potuībe able, have power, can
collaudō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumpraise warmly
negōtium, -ī, n.business, matter; task, trouble, difficulty
praesum, -esse, -fuībe before, preside over, have charge of, command
quis, quid, interrog. pron.who? which? what?
fīō, fierī, factus sumbe done or made, become, happen
volō, velle, voluīwish
ostendō, -tendere, -tendī, -tentusstretch out before, show, explain
portus, -ūs, m.harbor, haven, port
conveniō, -venīre, -vēnī, -ventuscome together, assemble
iubeō, iubēre, iussī, iussusbid, order, command
ex, ē (prep. + abl.)out of, from; of (ē only before consonants)
commodus, -a, -umconvenient, suitable
trāiectus, -ūs, m.crossing over, passage
sum, esse, fuī, futūrusbe
cognōscō, -gnōscere, -gnōvī, -gnitusfind out, learn; in tenses of completed action, have found out, know
mīlle, indecl. adj.a thousand; mīlia, -ium, n. plur., thousands;
passus, -ūs, m.pace (mīlia passuum: miles)
trānsmissus, -ūs m.crossing, passage
continēns, -entis, f.'mainland, continent
satis, adv.enough, sufficiently
videō, vidēre, vīdī, vīsussee; pass., seem
relinquō, -linquere, -līquī, -lictusleave behind, leave
ipse, ipsa, ipsum, intensive pron.self, himself, herself, itself, themselves; often to be rendered by very
cum, prep, with abl.with
legiō, -ōnis f.legion
expedītus, -a, -umunobstructed, easy; lightly equipped
eques, equitis m.horseman; (pl.) cavalry
fīnis, -is, m.end, boundary; plur., borders, territory, country
quod, conj.that, in that, because
concilium, -ī n.meeting, council
imperium, -ī, n.command; sway, rule
pāreō, -ēre, -uīobey
trānsrhēnānus, -a, -umliving across the Rhine; as noun: a German from beyond the Rhine
sollicitō, -āre, -āvī, -ātumstir up, tempt
dīcō, dīcere, dīxī, dictussay, speak; diem dīcere, to appoint or set a day
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Caesar, De Bello Gallico V. Latin text: T. Rice Holmes (Oxford, 1914), public domain; digital text from the Perseus Digital Library, CC BY-SA. Word analysis: LatinCy, then every word checked and corrected by hand. Vocabulary: F. Ritchie (1903, public domain) and entries written for this app. English translation, notes and grammar hints: written for this app.